Bensulfuron methyl (BSM) is applied in rice to control a wide range of weeds due to low application rate and high efficiency. A study was conducted to evaluate residues of BSM in soil and rice plant at different doses as pre-and post-emergence application in transplanted rice. The quick easy cheap effective rugged safe (QuEChERS) method was evaluated for BSM residue extraction from different matrices. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.005 and 0.01 µg/g, respectively in soil and rice plant. The average BSM recovery of 91.1, 82.8, 84.5 and 88.7% was obtained from soil, rice straw, grain and husk, respectively. Though, BSM residue was detected (0.011 to 0.017 μg/g) in soil at high dose, it was below maximum residue limit (0.01 μg/g) in rice grain at both the doses of BSM. Hence, the study revealed that the BSM can be safely applied to rice at recommended doses for weed control.
Field experiment was carried out at wetland of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Kharif 2008. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications to evaluate the stand establishment techniques and nutrient management practices in wet seeded lowland rice. The treatments consisting of two establishment techniques (Direct planting system and drum seeding) and four levels of nutrient management practices (control, RDF, RDF+FYM and RDF+FYM+Biofertilizers). Direct planting system recorded higher yield components and grain yield compared to drum seeding method of crop establishment. Application of recommended dose of fertilizers (150:50:50 NPK kg ha -1 ), FYM 12.5 t ha -1 and biofertilizers (Azosphosmet @ 2 kg ha -1 ) + PPFM (pink pigmented facultative methylotroph) @ 5 L ha -1 enhanced the grain yield over no manure treatment under Direct Planting System when compared with drum seeding method. The net income and B:C were higher under DPS than drum seeding method due to higher grain yield.
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