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This experiment determined the effects of die thickness and conditioning temperature on pelleting and starch characteristics in diets containing conventional or Enogen ® Feed corn (Syngenta Seeds, LLC). Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial of corn type (conventional [CON] and Enogen ® Feed corn [EFC]), die thickness (5.6 and 8 length:diameter [L:D]), and conditioning temperature (74, 79, and 85°C). Diets were steam conditioned (Wenger twin staff pre-conditioner, Model 150) and pelleted (CPM, Model 1012-2) with a 4 × 22.2 mm (L:D 5.6) or 4 × 31.8 mm (L:D 8) pellet die. Conditioner retention time was set at 30 s and production rate was set at 15 kg/min. All treatments were represented within 3 replicate days. Pellets were composited and analyzed for gelatinized starch and pellet durability index (PDI). Conditioning temperature, hot pellet temperature (HPT), production rate, and pellet mill energy consumption were recorded throughout each processing run. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS (v. 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with pelleting run as the experimental unit and day as the blocking factor. Pelleting with a larger die L:D improved PDI (P = 0.01) and increased (P = 0.02) pellet mill energy consumption. Increasing conditioning temperature from 74 to 85°C increased (linear, P < 0.03) PDI and tended to decrease energy consumption (quadratic, P = 0.07). There was a corn × conditioning temperature interaction (P = 0.01) for gelatinized starch in conditioned mash. Enogen ® Feed corn diets steam conditioned at 85°C had the greatest quantity of gelatinized starch. Cooked starch in conditioned mash and pellets was greater (P < 0.01) for EFC diets compared to CON diets and increased (linear, P < 0.01) with increasing conditioning temperature in conditioned mash. Similarly, starch gelatinization was greater (P < 0.01) in pelleted EFC diets compared to CON diets and was increased (linear, P = 0.05) by increasing conditioning temperature from 74 to 85°C. In conclusion, increasing die L:D and increasing conditioning temperature improved PDI. Starch gelatinization was increased when diets were pelleted at the highest conditioning temperature of 85°C, and EFC diets resulted in greater starch gelatinization than conventional corn.

A total of 287 pigs (DNA 600 × 241; initially 111.8 lb) were used in an 86-d experiment to determine the effect of dietary fiber source on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. There were 12 pens per treatment with 7 or 8 pigs per pen. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments consisting of a control (8.7% neutral detergent fiber; NDF), 20% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 13.6% NDF), or 14.5% sugar beet pulp (SBP; 13.6% NDF). Experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 86 in 3 phases; d 0 to 18, d 18 to 39, and d 39 to 86. From d 0 to 86, there was no evidence for treatment difference in ADG or ADFI. Pigs fed DDGS had marginally poorer F/G than the control or 14.5% SBP diets (P < 0.10). Caloric efficiency of net energy (NE) in kcal per lb of live gain was marginally poorer (P < 0.10) in pigs fed DDGS compared to those fed control and SBP. There was a decrease (P < 0.10) in hot carcass weight (HCW) and carcass yield (P < .0.05) in pigs fed DDGS and SBP compared to those fed the control diet. Loin depth marginally decreased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed SBP compared to the control, with those fed DDGS intermediate. Feed cost per pig was greatest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed SBP, followed by DDGS, with those fed the control diet having the least. Feed cost per lb of gain increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed SBP, followed by DDGS, with those fed the control having the least. Gain value decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed SBP compared to the control, with those fed DDGS intermediate. Income over feed cost was poorest (P < 0.05) in pigs fed SBP, followed by DDGS, with those fed the control diet being the greatest. In conclusion, pigs fed DDGS tended to have poorer F/G compared to those fed the control diet or SBP. This can be explained by the overestimation of NE of the diet as demonstrated by an increase in caloric efficiency. Increasing dietary NDF reduced carcass yield and economic return.

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