The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tooth loss, and risk factors among adult population of Chile. Furthermore, age, gender, and behavioural specific differences in caries prevalence and tooth loss were examined. A national stratified multistage probabilistic sample design in two-age cohorts was applied to the Chilean population. A sample of 1553 adults, comprising 1088 individuals aged 35–44 and 465 senior individuals aged 65–74, were examined. The DMFT was evaluated following WHO recommendations using diagnostic criteria of caries lesions into dentin. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate models using logistic regression analyses. Results showed a mean DMFT of 15.06 in the 35–44-year-old group and of 21.57 in the 65–74 group. Factors related to tooth loss in the 35–44 group through univariate logistic regression were depression (OR 1.9 CI 95% 1.26–2.85), education level <12 years (OR 2.24 CI 95% 1.31–3.73), personal income (OR 1.51 CI 95% 1.04–2.19), and familiar income (OR 2.05 CI 95% 1.34–3.13), and through multivariate logistic regression in the same age group were depression (OR 1.93 CI 95% 1.24–3.0), education level <12 years (OR 1.94 CI 95% 1.2–3.14), and familiar income (OR 1.71 CI 95% 1.09–2.68). Factors related to tooth loss in the 65–74-year-old group through univariate logistic regression were education level <12 years (OR 2.54 CI 95% 1.3–4.96) and personal income (OR 1.66 CI 95% 1.05–2.63), and for multivariate logistic regression in the same age group, it was education level <12 years (OR 2.51 CI 95% 1.21–5.18). In conclusion, adult population in Chile showed a high prevalence of dental caries and tooth loss, as age, education level, personal and familiar incomes, and depression are being the main risk factors.

The adult population in Chile shows a high prevalence and extension of clinical AL with age, sex, education level, and smoking as the main risk indicators of severe clinical AL in this population.

Drosophila discs-large (dlg) mutants exhibit multiple developmental abnormalities, including severe defects in neuronal differentiation and synaptic structure and function. These defects have been ascribed to the loss of a single gene product, Dlg-A, a scaffold protein thought to be expressed in many cell types. Here, we describe that additional isoforms arise as a consequence of different transcription start points and alternative splicing of dlg. At least five different dlg gene products are predicted. We identified a subset of dlg-derived cDNAs that include novel exons encoding a peptide homologous to the N terminus of the mammalian protein SAP97/hDLG (S97N). Dlg isoforms containing the S97N domain are expressed at larval neuromuscular junctions and within the CNS of both embryos and larvae but are not detectable in epithelial tissues. Strong hypomorphic dlg alleles exhibit decreased expression of S97N, which may account for neural-specific aspects of the pleiomorphic dlg mutant phenotype. Selective inhibition of the expression of S97N-containing proteins in embryos by double-strand RNA leads to severe defects in neuronal differentiation and axon guidance, without overt perturbations in epithelia. These results indicate that the differential expression of dlg products correlates with distinct functions in non-neural and neural cells. During embryonic development, proteins that include the S97N domain are essential for proper neuronal differentiation and organization, acting through mechanisms that may include the adequate localization of cell fate determinants.

Clinical attachment loss was prevalent in Latin America adolescents and it is associated with smoking, attendance public school and BoP.

No abstract

No abstract

La innovación y la tecnología a partir del siglo XX transformaron la humanidad por el impacto y difusión de artefactos, que influyeron en el desenvolvimiento de empresas, organizaciones y sistemas, entre ellos el educativo, rompiendo paradigmas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Desde entonces hablar de educación es hablar también de tecnología educativa. Es por ello, que el objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar la innovación y tecnología educativa en el contexto actual latinoamericano, a través de un estudio descriptivo-documental. Entre los resultados destacan, que a pesar de vivir en el siglo XXI, existen vulnerabilidades en cuanto a dificultad digital geográfica, capacitación, recursos y medios que interfieren en el uso eficaz, situación que se ha evidenciado con la contingencia mundial del Covid-19 y el cierre total de instituciones educativas de todos los niveles de Latinoamérica en su formación presencial, siguiendo su consecutividad gracias a los beneficios de la cultura digital, adaptándose al contexto de cada región y logrando la consolidación del aprendizaje a distancia del estudiantado. Se concluye, que no obstante las desavenencias, desigualdades entre países latinoamericanos, de acceso a dispositivos digitales o uso de un sistema de conexión eficiente, el uso de la tecnología permitió cumplir los objetivos académicos.

The doctor's understanding of his/her health-care activity and of the resources it involves is scant and independent of the doctor's professional characteristics. This is a factor, which we could call the professional factor, clearly related to resource use.