Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as quantidades de nutrientes reciclados por cinco espécies vegetais utilizadas como culturas de cobertura do solo e que podem retornar ao solo pela mineralização da biomassa. Foram coletadas de vários experimentos amostras da matéria verde de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb), mucuna-preta (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy), guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), tremoço (Lupinus albus L. e L. angustifolius L.) e ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L.). Foi estimado o rendimento de matéria seca e determinados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, e, a partir dessas concentrações, foram calculadas a média observada, a média estimada e o intervalo de confiança a 95% para cada nutriente dentro de cada classe de rendimento de matéria seca, em cada espécie vegetal. Os dados foram tabulados dentro de intervalos de classe de rendimento de matéria seca e apresentadas as quantidades estimadas de nutrientes minerais. Foram ajustadas equações para estimar as quantidades desses nutrientes. A aveia-preta e a ervilhaca reciclam grande quantidade de K, e a ervilhaca, a mucuna-preta, o tremoço e o guandu reciclam grande quantidade de N. Todas as espécies reciclam quantidades apreciáveis de Ca, Mg e micronutrientes, porém baixas quantidades de P. A rotação de culturas é um meio de implementar com sucesso o aumento das áreas de lavoura em semeadura direta.Termos para indexação: plantas de proteção, reciclagem de nutriente, mineralização, rotação de culturas. Mineral nutrients in the shoot biomass of soil cover cropsAbstract -The objective of this work was to estimate the quantity of nutrients recycled by five species of cover crops and returned to the soil after the mineralization of the biomass. Fresh samples of several experiments of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), black mucuna (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), lupin (Lupinus albus L. and L. angustifolius L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were taken to estimate dry matter yield and determine the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu. From the dry matter yield, nutrient content were analyzed, and the estimated and observed mean, and a confidence limit at the 95% level, for each nutrient, in each class of dry matter yield and in each cover crop species were calculated. The data were tabulated with the corresponding dry matter class intervals and estimated quantity of nutrients. Equations were adjusted to estimate the quantity of nutrients in relation to dry matter yield. Black oats and common vetch, are good for recycling K, and common vetch, black mucuna, lupin and pigeon pea recycled large amounts of N. All species recycled large amounts of Ca, Mg and micronutrients, but small amounts of P. Crop rotation is a way of successfully increasing field areas under no-tillage.Index terms: protective plants, nutrient recycling, mineralization, rotational cropping.(1) Aceito para publicação em 16 de setembro de 2002.

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RESUMOO sistema de semeadura direta com culturas de grãos ocupa atualmente 2,5 milhões de hectares no estado do Paraná. Além do sistema tradicional de sucessão trigo-soja, em grande parte desta área são semeadas plantas de cobertura-adubação verde no inverno e milho no verão. Neste estudo, foram avaliadas as alterações em algumas características químicas do solo, após sete anos, sob os sistemas de rotação de culturas trigo-soja-aveia-soja (TSA), trigosoja-tremoço-milho-aveia-soja (TMA), tremoço-milho-trigo-soja (

Effect of P placement on shoot and root growth and their relation to recovery of applied P is important for economic crop production. Few studies have investigated the effect of varying the P‐fertilized soil volume on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) root growth, P uptake and soybean yield. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of localizing P in decreasing volumes of soil on soybean seedling root morphology and distribution, and P uptake in order to determine the placement giving maximum plant growth. An experiment with soybeans grown in Raub silt loam (Aquic Argiudoll) was conducted in 3‐L pots in a controlled climate chamber. Adding the same amount of P per pot (60 mg/kg soil) in decreasing volumes of soil stimulated root length in the fertilized portion while the root radius became smaller in this zone. The relation between soil volume fraction fertilized with P and fraction of total root length in the fertilized soil could be described by y = x0.70 (r2 = 0.96), where x is the proportion of the soil volume treated with P and y is the predicted proportion of the total root length in the P‐treated soil. Shoot P concentration increased as the volume of fertilized soil was reduced to 0.125 but did not increase further as fertilized soil volume was reduced to 0.0625. Also, maximum shoot dry weight was obtained when 0.125 of the soil was P fertilized and did not increase further as P‐treated soil volume was reduced to 0.0625.

The response of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to the direct and residual effect of liming in relation to soil acidity, Al and Mn toxicities and P availability was studied in five Oxisols of Southern Brazil under successive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐soybean cropping. Yield responses to liming were highly significant due to the high exchangeable Al and extractable Mn, the low pH, exchangeable Ca + Mg, and available P found in these soils. Optimum yields were obtained when liming adjusted Al from 0.1 to 0.5 meq/100g (1.5% Al saturation), soil pH from 5.2 to 5.7 and Ca + Mg from 5.7 to 8.5 meq/100g. Liming also increased root nodulation and reduced P fixation and Mn levels in the soil.