Background: Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic trematoid worm that infects humans. Schistosomiasis is endemic in parts of South America, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and some Caribbean islands. Disorders of the liver and gastrointestinal tract are the most common clinical manifestations. The central nervous system is not usually affected.Themostcommonneurologicmanifestationistransverse myelitis. In some circumstances, the eggs of S mansoni are found in the brain, causing inflammatory reaction. Objective: To describe a young Brazilian patient with partial epileptic seizures caused by a granulomatous lesion due to S mansoni.

(1) Observations are reported on two independent semiquantitative histologic analyses of 57 renal biopsy and autopsy specimens from patients with SLE. The analyses were each made by two observers and were done six years apart. (2)The technique was shown to be reproducible. Differences of more than one grade on a scale 0 to 4⁺ were uncommon. When there were differences they were consistently in the same direction, and the major differences found could be explained by improvements in technique and understanding of the microscopic anatomy and pathology of the kidney which took place in the intervening six years. (3) Semiquantitative histologic analysis of renal biopsy specimens is a method which can be used to study with confidence sequential histologic changes, and structural-functional interrelationships.

-Hypertrophic pachymeningits is an unusual cause of neurological symptoms and is often secondary to infections, carcinomatosis or inflammatory diseases. It may also be idiopathic. We report a case of pachymeningitis which was manifested primarily by psychosis and visual loss with optic atrophy and destruction of nasal septum. The patient, a 45 year old woman was submitted to extensive investigation without evidence of any underlying disease. A meningeal biopsy was performed and showed a mostly unspecific inflammatory process with extensive fibrosis of the dura and few early stage granulomas. These findings suggest either neurosarcoidosis or idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis.KEY WORDS: hypertrophic pachymeningits, neurosarcoidosis, psychosis, optic neuropathy. P P P P Paquimeningite hipertrófica: relato de caso aquimeningite hipertrófica: relato de caso aquimeningite hipertrófica: relato de caso aquimeningite hipertrófica: relato de caso aquimeningite hipertrófica: relato de caso RESUMO -Paquimeningite hipertrófica é uma causa incomum de sintomas neurológicos, sendo frequentemente secundária a infecções, carcinomatose ou doenças inflamatórias. Pode também ser idiopática. Relatamos um caso de paquimeningite que se manifestou inicialmente por psicose e diminuição da acuidade visual com atrofia óptica e destruição do septo nasal. A paciente, de 45 anos de idade, foi submetida a extensa investigação, não sendo evidenciada nenhuma doença de base. Foi realizada biopsia de meninge, a qual evidenciou um processo inflamatório com intensa fibrose e raros granulomas em estágio inicial. Esses achados sugerem neurossarcoidose ou paquimeningite hipertrófica idiopática.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: paquimeningite hipertrófica, neurossarcoidose, psicose, neuropatia óptica.

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Moberly, Betty J. (The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor), F. Shafa, and Philipp Gerhardt. Structural details of anthrax spores during stages of transformation into vegetative cells. J. Bacteriol. 92:220-228. 1966.-Anthrax spores in stages of dormancy, activation, germination, and outgrowth into vegetative cells were examined in an electron microscope. The fine structure proved to be much like that observed in related species of Bacillus, except for a visible alteration after heat activation and clusters of vesicle-like bodies in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells.

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