Swietenia mahagoni has been extensively studied and applied as feed additives, a strategy to manipulate rumen fermentation in reducing methanogenesis. The research aimed to determine the effect of using Swietenia mahagoni as tannin source on methane production, gas production kinetics and the diversity of methanogenic archaea by in vitro rumen fermentation. Swietenia mahagoni was given to substitute the elephant grass at levels of 0, 25, and 50%. Fermentation was carried out by in vitro gas production technique according to Menke and Steingass. Methane was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) methode. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis was used to detect changes of rumen methanogenic archaea diversity. Result showed that Swietenia mahagoni leaves with level 50% reduced methane production by 39,26% (P=0,08). Gas production from insoluble fraction (b) decreased as much as 47.23% from control with using Swietenia mahagoni leaves 50%. The uncultured methanoculles was dominating community member 36.35% with MspI, while uncultured euryarchaeote clone is 80.24% MCR-F1SP-1 with TaqI. Inclusion of Swietenia mahagoni as much as 50% in diet could decrease methane production, gas production from potential degraded fractions and diversity of methanogenic archaea.
In vitro fermentation methodology was used in this research to explore the effect of mix essential oil (MEO) of eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) and pine (Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese), in ratio 3:1, on feed digestibility and parameter of ruminal feed fermentation. Mix essential oil was added and mix with feed particle to meet the end concentration of 100 μl/L of fermentation media. Incubation was done at 39°C for 24 h. Upon finished the incubation, gas produced were sampled for methane analysis. Residual feed was collected by filtration and then ben analysed the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) content for calculation of DM and OM digestibility. Meanwhile filtrate also collected for determination of pH, ammonia, protozoa number and microbial protein synthesis. Data analysis showed MEO addition did not affect pH, ammonia concentration, DM and OM digestibility. Addition of MEO reduced methane production 24.62% (P<0.05), and increased microbial protein synthesis (P<0.05) from 133.89 mg/L to 189.66. Otherwise, protozoa number in MEO treatment was lower compared to control (P<0.05). In conclusion, mix essential oil of eucalyptus and pine essential oil up to level 100μl/L could be used as feed additive to improve the fermentation of feed in the rumen.
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