SynopsisA study of the temperature dependence of Mooney scorch time was carried out by using two grades of natural rubber, Heueu Bmsilknsis (SMR L and SMR lo), and on synthetic rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), in the temperature range of 100-180°C. Results show that the scorch time for SBR system is greater than that of the other grades of natural rubber. This is attributed to the lower degree of unsaturation in SBR. Effects of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and other types of accelerators on the scorch properties were also investigated and discussed. One black-filled compound was used to study the dependence of carbon black on the scorch property, and data indicate that the effect is more evident for temperature lower than 100°C.
The gap between on-chip and off-chip communication speed has become wider as the IC process technology continues to shrink in order to increase the chip performance. The speed of on-chip circuit has outperformed the off-chip communication speed. Therefore, the performance threshold of a system which consists of multiple IC's is limited by the off-chip communication speed. I/O interfaces such as PCI-Express, USB 3.0, and DDR3 are designed to bridge the gap by introducing high-speed transceiver system which typically operates at Giga-Hertz range. However, legacy copper interconnect on a motherboard backplane cannot support data rate. As a result, integrity of the signal is impaired with nonideal effects introduced by the channel. Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer (CTLE) is used at the receiver front-end to compensate the high-frequency losses introduced by the channel. The implementation of CTLE is normally limited to first-order. Second-order CTLE offers the advantage of incremental peaking gain when dealing with channel of high losses. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics and theoretical circuit analysis of first-order and second-order CTLEs are presented. Both equalizers are designed to address a 5-Gb/s data rate transmission. An arbitrary 20-inch channel is used as test bench to compare the performance of the two equalizers. Simulation results show improvement in receive eye voltage opening and insertion loss for second-order CTLE but with degradation in terms of receive eye time opening, jitter, and amplitude noise.
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