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Application. A commercial pure culture, vegetative inoculum of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) produced by Sylvan Spawn Laboratory (now MycorrTech, Inc .) that does not require leaching and drying was formulated and tested on pine seedlings in operational bare-root nurseries, on seedlings in microplots, and on container-grown seedlings . Incorporation of fresh Sylvan Spawn inoculum with C :N ratios of 50 to 60 into nursery beds at 0 .33 liter/m 2 of soil, or into container medium in the ratio 1 :10 (v/v) with rooting medium provides effective ectomycorrhizal development by Pisolithus tinctorius on southern pine seedlings .Abstract. Vegetative inoculum of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) with carbon :nitrogen (C :N) ratios between 22 and 70 produced by Sylvan Spawn Laboratories were compared to inoculum produced by research methods in Athens, GA, in-forming ectomycorrhizae on pine in bareroot seedling nurseries in South Carolina and Indiana, and on seedlings in microplots and containers in Georgia . Nonleached Sylvan Spawn inoculum with C:N ratios of 50 and 60 grown for 51 days formed as much Pt ectomycorrhizae (Pt index > 78) on pine seedlings as did leached and dried research inoculum (Pt index > 82) that was grown for several months prior to application . Number of Pt fruit bodies produced in nursery beds were positively correlated with the amount of Pt ectomycorrhizae .

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Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) seedlings with different initial amounts of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) ectomycorrhizae (Pt index 0, 27, 46, 68, or 88) were planted on a good-quality site (site index 90 ft at age 50) in southwest Georgia. After 8 years and crown closure, trees with Pt indices of 88 and 68 had significantly better survival and greater heights, diameters, volumes, and green weights per tree and per ac than nursery-run, control seedlings (Pt index 0). Volume and weight yields per ac were over 50% greater and volume and weight yields per tree were over 20% greater for trees in the Pt index 88 treatment than they were for control trees. A special statistical analysis indicated that average per ac volume was positively correlated with initial Pt index values larger than 58. Tree-ring analyses showed that trees with a Pt index of 88 had significantly greater annual basal area growth than controls during growing seasons with water deficits of 8 to 13 in. Annual growth did not differ when water deficits were greater or less than these amounts. After 8 years, Pt basidiocarps were present throughout the study site. Mycorrhizal treatment integrity may have been lost after 3 or 4 years. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):275-280

Fourteen neonates with posterior mediastinal air collections (retrocardiac pneumomediastinum) are described. In the majority of the infants (13 of 14), the mediastinal air developed as a complication of assisted ventilation. It is suggested that the retrocardiac pneumomediastinum represents air trapped in a potential space in the mediastinum posterior to the heart and not within the pulmonary ligament. The collections have a variable shape and size and rarely may produce a tension phenomenon elevating the posterior, inferior portion of the heart off of the diaphragm. There was a strong association of retrocardiac pneumomediastinum with other manifestations of extraalveolar air, including pulmonary interstitial emphysema (13 of 14 infants), pneumothorax (1 of 14 infants), dissection of air into the soft tissues of the neck (10 of 14 infants), and pneumoperitoneum (5 of 14 infants).