Black tiger shrimp shell (Penaeus monodon) has a potential as raw materials in the manufacturing process of nano-chitosan that contains chitin. The purposes of this study is to formed nano-chitosan through ionic gelation process and size reduction by magnetic stirrer and determine the characteristic of nano-chitosan based on morphology and size of nanoparticles. Nano-chitosan were formed by ionic gelation method, which is polyelectrolite complexation between the positively charged chitosan and negative charged tripolyphosphate. Yield of chitosan from Black Tiger Shrimp shell are 19,08%, while the yield of nano-chitosan by size reduction treatment using a magnetic stirrer is 80,67%. Value of the deacetylation degree from chitosan which is used to formed nano-chitosan is equal to 98,65%, it indicates the chitosan which is produced is a native chitosan. Nano-chitosan have an average size of 228.74 nm, fairly uniform, relatively stable and has a sphere like particle shape. Particle size reduction with magnetic stirrer, can distribute more homogeneous particle size. Added tripolyphosphate (TPP) and surfactants (Tween 80) can enhance the mechanical properties of chitosan that are naturally fragile and enhanced formation if ionic crosslinking between chitosan molecules.

The increasing production of cuttlefish has been associated with the increasing of by-product waste particularly cuttlebone. Cuttlebone is known to contain an inorganic element in form of calcium carbonate<br />(CaCO3) which can be utilized as a source of calcium oxide (CaO) for hydroxyapatite synthesis. This study was aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the cuttlebone and the optimum calcination temperature for CaO extraction and hydroxyapatite synthesis. This study was divided into three steps. Firstly, analysis of the cuttlebone physicochemical properties; secondly, extraction and characterization of the CaO with different calcination temperature (500°C, 600°C, 700°C for 6 hours); and thirdly, hydroxyapatite synthesis using a combination of hydrothermal method at 200°C 6 hours and different calcination treatments (800°C, 900°C, 1,000°C for 1 hour). The results showed that the cuttlebone contained moisture 3.54±0.11%,<br />lipid 0.32±0.19%, protein 4.78±0.23%, carbohydrate 5.29±0.02%, and ash 89.61±0.26. The main element of the ash was CaCO3 aragonite characterized by the high absorption at wavelengths of 1,795; 1,507;<br />1,083; 871; 713 and 700 cm-1. The calcination treatment of 700°C produced the highest amount of CaO. The hydroxyapatite produced with a combination of hydrothermal and calcination temperature 1,000°C<br />had calcium phosphate ratio (Ca/P) 1.66, crystalline level 90.10%, amorphous level 9.90% and particles morphology of rod-shaped.

AbstrakListrik umumnya bersumber dari energi fosil yang merupakan sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Tingginya tingkat pemakaian energi yang tak terbarukan mendorong pencarian sumber energi alternatif baru. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat menjadi sumber energi alternatif baru adalah Microbial Fuel Cell. Microbial Fuel Cell adalah sistem yang memanfaatkan bakteri untuk mengoksidasi bahan organik dan anorganik. Teknologi tersebut dapat diaplikasikan pada limbah cair, misalnya limbah cair perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja penggunaan rangkaian seri bejana terhadap daya listrik yang dihasilkan limbah cair perikanan berdasar sistem Microbial Fuel Cell. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu pembuatan limbah cair buatan, pembuatan perangkat alat Microbial Fuel Cell, pengukuran daya listrik, dan analisis kualitas limbah cair. Hasil daya listrik selama 120 jam pengamatan adalah 0,115 V untuk dua bejana, 0,259 V untuk tiga bejana, dan 0,534 V untuk empat bejana yang seluruhnya dirangkaikan secara seri. Hasil uji beban limbah cair menunjukkan penurunan pada COD, BOD, TAN dan total nitrogen, sedangkan MLSS dan MLVSS mengalami peningkatan dalam lima hari pengamatan.Kata kunci: daya listrik, limbah cair perikanan, Microbial Fuel Cell, rangkaian seri Abstract Electricity source is generally from fossil energy that is natural resources and unrenewable. The use of non-renewable energy make us to find a new alternative energy. One of technologi which can make a new energy resource is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a system which uses the bacterium to oxidize inorganic and organic matters. The technology can apply on wastewater, for example the wastewater of fisheries. The purpose of this research was to find electrical power results from the performance of series circuits on the fisheries wastewater treatment by MFC's system. This research was done in four stages, those are artificial fisheries wastewater preparation, MFC's instrument installation, electrical power measurements, and analysis of the fisheries wastewater quality. Electrical potential resulted during 120 hours observation were 0.115 V for two vessels, 0.259 V for three vessels, and 0.534 V for four vessels which all of vessels arranged into series circuits. The results test of fisheries wastewater showed reducing in COD, BOD, TAN and total nitrogen, while MLSS and MLVSS increased in five days observations.

Cara sitasi: Ibrahim B, Suptijah P, Adjani ZN. 2017. Kinerja microbial fuel cell penghasil biolistrik dengan perbedaan jenis elektroda pada limbah cair industri perikanan. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(2): 296-304. AbstrakMicrobial Fuel Cell (MFC) merupakan salah satu teknologi alternatif yang dapat mengubah energi kimia menjadi energi listrik melalui reaksi katalitik menggunakan mikroorganisme. Teknologi ini dapat diaplikasikan pada penanganan limbah, salah satunya limbah cair perikanan yang mengandung beban limbah organik yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur kinerja sistem MFC pada limbah cair perikanan dalam menghasilkan biolistrik sekaligus menurunkan beban limbahnya menggunakan jenis elektroda yang berbeda yaitu alumunium, besi, karbon grafit serta kombinasi alumunium dan karbon grafit. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu pembuatan limbah cair perikanan, pembuatan alat MFC satu bejana dan pengukuran elektrisitas limbah. Hasil elektrisitas selama 120 jam pengamatan secara keseluruhan mulai dari alumunium, besi, karbon grafit hingga kombinasi alumunium dengan karbon grafit berturut-turut adalah 0,23V, 0,17V, 0,19V, dan 0,34V. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem MFC mampu menurunkan rata-rata total Nitrogen yaitu 61%, BOD 30,11%, COD 59,34%, dan total amonia nitrogen 12,45%. Peningkatan biomassa lumpur aktif terjadi pada akhir pengamatan melalui nilai Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS) dan Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid (MLVSS) masing-masing 7.066,67 mg/L dan 6.100 mg/L. Kata kunci: alternatif, biolistrik, mikroorganisme, terbarukan Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell to Generate Bioelectricity Uses Different Kinds of Electrode in the Fish Processing WastewaterAbstract Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is one of the alternative technologies which can convert chemical energy to electrical energy through a catalytic reaction using microorganisms. The technology can be implemented for wastewater handling such as fish processing wastewater which contains highly in organic substances. The research objective was to measure the performance of MFC system using fishery processing wastewater in order to generate bioelectricity and to reduce its organic pollution load within a different material of the electrode. The electrode materials used were aluminum, iron, carbon graphite, and also the combination of aluminum and carbon graphite. The research carried out in three phases: production of fishery wastewater, assembly of MFC single chamber system and measurement of the bioelectricity produced. The bioelectricity power resulted during 120 hours of observation were 0.23V for aluminum, 0.17V for iron, 0.19V for carbon graphite, and 0.34V for the combination between aluminum and carbon graphite averagely. The MFC system can also decrease the organic load parameter of wastewater as much as total Nitrogen was 61%, BOD 30.11%, COD 59.34%, and total Nitrogen Ammonia 12.45%. The increasing of activated sludge biomass occurred on the last observation with MLSS and MLVSS v...

Tuna (Thunnus sp.) by-products from frozen loin and canning industry especially the eye is rich in proteins and in lipids consisting of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). That requires protective agent (antioxidant) to inhibit the oxidation naturally present and predicted to be protein peptides. Enzymatic hydrolysis of protein is an appropriate method to produce bioactive peptide with such nutraceutical/pharmaceutical function such as an antioxidant peptide. This study aimed to produce protein hydrolysate having a function as anwith an antioxidant activity from eye of tuna through enzymatic hydrolysis and determining the antioxidant activity by DPPH methods. Protein soluble content of tuna’s eye protein hydrolysate (TEPH) ranged from 59.98±0.130 to 94.90±0.002%. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of TEPH was about 9.10±0.28 to 16.14±0.09%. The highest inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 93.57±0.05% (at 5 mg/mL) was obtained with a DH of 11.35±0.002% at the concentration 0.1% of papain for 6 hours hydrolysis. The IC50 value of was 1.08±0.008 mg/mL

AbstrakHasil tangkapan sampingan merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis rendah. Pemanfaatan serta cara peningkatan nilai jual hasil tangkapan sampingan yaitu dengan membuat pepton. Pepton ikan adalah produk turunan atau derivat dari hidrolisat protein yang larut dalam air dan tidak mengalami proses koagulasi pada air panas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memproduksi pepton dengan bahan dasar ikan hasil tangkapan sampingan multispesies busuk dibalut teknik mikroenkapsulasi dengan bahan penyalut maltodekstin. Berdasarkan hasil analisis mikroenkapsulat pepton HTS busuk yang dihasilkan memiliki komposisi kimia berupa kadar air 6,28%, kadar abu 9,01%, kadar protein 62,79 %, kadar lemak 0,44% dan karbohidrat 21,48%. Karakteristik kimia produk yang dihasilkan adalah kelarutan 98,87%, total nitrogen 10,05%, α amino nitrogen 1,22%, AN/TN 12,14%, kadar garam 8,04% dan pH 6,69%. Mikroenkapsulat pepton HTS busuk memiliki karakteristik fisik dengan nilai derajat kecerahan 60,01, nilai derajat putih 57,44%, dan derajat warna cenderung merah dan kuning sehingga dapat disimpulkan produk memiliki warna kuning kemerahan. Aktivitas air (a w ) mikroenkapsulat pepton HTS busuk pada kondisi penyimpanan suhu ruang selama 5 jam lebih rendah dibandingkan pepton HTS busuk tanpa mikroenkapsulasi dan pepton komersial Hasil analisis asam amino menunjukkan kandungan asam amino arginin, serin, tirosin, histidin dan treonin pada mikroenkapsulat pepton lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pepton HTS busuk tanpa mikroenkapsulasi dan pepton komersial. Hasil pengukuran optical density (OD) menunjukkan mikroenkapsulat pepton ikan HTS busuk memiliki pola pertumbuhan bakteri yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan pepton komersial dan pepton ikan HTS busuk tanpa mikroenkapsulasi.Kata kunci: bahan penyalut, ekonomis rendah, kelarutan, pertumbuhan bakteri Characterization Microencapsul Pepton from Spoiled By Catch Fish Using Spray Drying MethodsAbstract Spoiled by catch fish is one of catch produce that have low economic value. Utilization and how to increase the selling value of byproducts by making peptone. Peptone fish is a derivative product or derivative of a water-soluble protein hydrolyzate and does not undergo any coagulation process in hot water. This research aim is to produce peptone with spoiled by catch fish as raw materials using microencapsulation technique and maltodextrin as coating ingredients. Microencapsulate of peptone has a chemical composition with moisture content 8.95%, ash content 5.26%, protein content 62.79%, Fat content 0.44% and carbohydrate content 21.48%. The chemical characteristic peptone by-catch rotten fish indicate that product has solubility 98.87%, nitrogen total 10.05%, α amino nitrogen 1.22%, AN/TN 12.14%, salt content 8.04% and pH 6.69. Microencapsulate peptone has a physical characteristic with lightness value 60.01, whiteness value 57.44 and dominated red color value 1.70 and yellow color value 10.33. The water activity of microencapsulating spoiled by catch fish peptone at room temperature of stor...

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) merupakan suatu teknologi yang memanfaatkan mikroba untuk mendegradasi bahan organik dan anorganik menjadi energi listrik, dapat dilakukan menggunakan sistem satu bejana atau dua bejana. Sistem MFC dua bejana menggunakan membran penukar proton yang berfungsi untuk mengalirkan proton yang dihasilkan dari ruang anoda ke ruang katoda, salah satu alternatif membran yang digunakan yaitu komposit kitosan-karagenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perbandingan komposit kitosan-karagenan sebagai membran penukar proton pada MFC, menentukan kinerja MFC dalam menghasilkan elektrisitas, serta menentukan kinerja penurunan beban polutan limbah cair pada MFC. Nilai elektrisitas MFC diukur menggunakan multimeter dengan parameter yang diuji adalah tegangan listrik, serta arus listrik. Parameter uji yang digunakan untuk mengukur penurunan beban polutan limbah cair adalah chemical oxygen demand (COD), biologycal oxygen demand (BOD) dan total amonia nitrogen (TAN). Membran komposit kitosan-karagenan dibuat dengan perlakuan perbedaan komposisi kitosan dan karagenan 1:1; 1,5:1; 3:1 (v/v). Perbedaan rasio kitosan dan karagenan pada membran komposit kitosan-karagenan memberikan pengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik membran, nilai elektrisitas MFC, serta beban polutan cair pada MFC. Membran komposit kitosan-karagenan dengan perbandingan 1:1 menghasilkan nilai konduktivitas proton tertinggi sebesar 1,15x10-3 S/cm, kuat tarik tertinggi 7,047 MPa, tegangan listrik 0,97 V, arus 7,02 mA, serta daya listrik 6,84 mW. Nilai COD, BOD, serta TAN limbah cair pemindangan ikan mengalami penurunan sebesar 90%, 76% dan 32%.

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