Objectives: Although several studies have addressed the relationship between systemic bone mineral status and the severity of periodontitis, there is little knowledge of the relationship between periodontal disease and locally detected bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular bone mineral density of patients with chronic periodontitis with that of periodontally healthy subjects. Methods: 48 systemically healthy subjects were included in the study and underwent a periodontal examination to determine their status. 24 subjects were periodontally healthy and the other 24 had moderate or severe chronic periodontitis. The mandibular bone mineral density of the subjects was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The region of interest on the body of the mandible was independently determined on the dual energy absorptiometry radiographs, and a computer calculated the bone mineral density of these regions. Results: The mandibular bone mineral density of the subjects with periodontitis was significantly lower than that of the periodontally healthy subjects (p , 0.01). There were significant negative correlations between the mandibular bone mineral density values and parameters related to the amount of periodontal destruction. Conclusions: Low bone mineral density in the jaw may be associated with chronic periodontitis.

Comparison of mandibular bone mineral density in osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal elderly edentulous subjects measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniqueObjective: The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular body bone mineral density according to bone mineral density status of spine and femur measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique in elderly edentulous individuals. Background: One of the factors that affect the survival rate of implants is bone mineral density (BMD) of the jaws. Materials and methods: Fifty edentulous elderly patients' (27 women and 23 men) spine, femur and the mandibular body BMDs were measured using DXA technique. BMD scans of the AP lumbar spine (L2-L3) and femur were classified using World Health Organisation criteria for bone mass. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the normal femur group's-osteoporosis group's mandibular body BMD (p = 0.001) and femoral osteopaenia group's-osteoporosis group's mandibular body BMD (p < 0.001). The femoral osteoporosis group's mandibular body BMDs were lower than those of both the normal femoral and the femoral osteopaenia group subjects'. Conclusion: Classification of edentulous mandibles according to low and high bone mineral densities is a problem in implant dentistry. The results of this study demonstrated that femoral bone mineral density status may be used to provide preliminary information about the bone mineral density of the mandibular body region in elderly edentulous subjects.

The Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük in Turkey contains thousands of mollusk shells, among them about 200 fossils. About 25 fossil gastropods and bivalves originate in a Miocene fauna from the Mediterranean Tethys province, and are known from several localities in the Taurus Mountains, dating to the Miocene. The rest are scaphopods belonging to two species of Dentalium and dating to the Pliocene. The gastropods and bivalves were likely collected in the Karaman-Mut Basin at a distance of about 50 km from Çatalhöyük, while the scaphopods were brought from the Hatay Basin. Most of the fossil mollusks at the site were discovered in the upper phases, that is, late in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sequence, and are associated with feasting activities. They may have been collected and brought to the site by the inhabitants as part of transhumance activities, or by visitors.

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