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Digital elevation models have been evolved in decades, their resolution and accuracy have improved vividly. Geological, structural and geomorphological benefits of those high-quality digital elevation models enhanced the quality of the research and engineering and unfold the visibility of the data. Modern techniques such as laser scanners provide a quantum leap on digital modelling, however the cost of those methods limits their widespread usage. Improvements in stereo-photogrammetry did not decelerate. On the contrary, the evolution of Structure from Motion-Multi-view stereo-photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) method is accelerated by the continuous developments in digital photography and computer vision technologies. We have used a lightweight drone to acquire digital aerial photographs of an open mine pit for an ultimate purpose of modelling the terrain using SfM-MVS procedure. We have been able to derive a high resolution (0.3 m/pixel) DEM and a very high resolution (0.04 m/pixel) orthorectified aerial image. Both datasets are representing the topography with high sample point densities. Elevation model dataset has been compared with the regular topographic point measurements of the mine pit and the accuracy of the aerially derived model have been investigated. Sources of modelling errors, the effect of temporal physical changes in the terrain, effect and importance of geo-referencing have been discussed in detail. SfM-MVS is a cost-effective, rapid and promising technique for digital mapping, modelling and monitoring in various spatial scales of Geology.

Acıgöl (Nevşehir, Central Anatolia) is a drained crater lake. Acıgöl maar was formed by the violent vapor explosions due to the interaction of hot rhyolitic magma with the (sub-)surface water during the latest Pleistocene. A 844 cm-deep borehole was drilled at the maar and 713 cm-thick Acıgöl Core Succession (ACS) was retrieved. The ACS is mainly composed of lower laminated and upper non-laminated mudstones (sandy, silty, and clayey) with rare organic and volcanic interlayers. Eleven ostracod taxa (Cypris pubera, Plesiocypridopsis newtoni, Heterocypris salina, Eucypris cf. heinrichi, Candona candida, Candona meerfeldiana, Pseudocandona marchica, Cyclocypris sp., Ilyocypris bradyi, Limnocythere inopinata, and Darwinula stevensoni) were determined in this study. Along with ostracods, gastropods (Gyraulus piscinarum and Stagnicola sp.), pelecypods (Pisidium personatum), charophytes, and fish remains were also observed, while diatoms are the most frequent and abundant assemblage of the ACS. The assemblage at the lower parts of ACS mainly indicates wetter, freshwater to oligohaline, and oligotrophic and relatively deep lacustrine conditions alternating with short lake shrinkage intervals. On the other hand, the fauna at the upper part of the ACS points out to saline, shallow, and warmer lacustrine conditions.

A total of 39 taxa (19 living species, 20 subfossils) were collected from 59 different shallow aquatic bodies in Texas during April to June 2017. Cypridopsis schwartzi n. sp. is proposed as a new species collected from a cattle pond at Freeman Ranch near San Marcos, Texas. The species has several characteristics separating it from other species, including carapace shape, presence of a curved z3-seta on the second antenna, number of setae on the vibratory plate of the first thoracic leg, shape of hemipenis, numbers of whorls on the Zenker organ, and several other differences. With the new species, there are now 12 species in the genus Cypridopsis recorded for Texas, and Cypridopsis schwartzi n. sp. is the fifth species of the genus in Texas showing sexual reproduction. The new species was compared with other species of the genus in Texas and the taxonomic relationships are discussed.

The study area is located about 40km west ofAydin city in western Turkey and includesNeogene to Quaternary sediments of the Fevzipasa Formation, which unconformably overlies the Miocene rock units. The Fevzipasa Formation is composed of conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones, marls, limestones and tuff layers and is unconformably overlain by recent deposits of the Söke-Milet Basin. The lower part of the Fevzipasa Formation is represented by coarse clastics and lacustrine carbonates followed by fine to coarse-grained sandstones bearing mollusc shells. Prominent tuff layers (lower and upper tuff layers) of this dominantly sandstone succession were radiometrically dated between roughly 2 and 1Ma. Based on small mammal fauna the age of the upper part of the formation is Early to Late Pleistocene. To investigate the paleoenvironmental evolution of the succession, forty-two samples were collected along two stratigraphic sections. Ostracoda assemblages together with Chara flora, Gastropoda and Pelecypoda and fish remains were recovered from only twenty-nine samples. Ostracoda assemblages include Candona neglecta, Cyclocypris ovum, Ilyocypris gibba, I. bradyi, Heterocypris salina and Scottia cf. S. pseudobrowniana. Additionally, fish remains belonging to the Cyprinidae family (Tinca sp., Leuciscus sp. and Leuciscus etilius) and Characeae gyrogonites referable to Nitellopsis obtusa, Chara sp., C. aspera, C. globularis, C. hispida, C. vulgaris, Lychnothamnus sp. and Sphaerochara sp. occurred in the samples. The ostracod, fish, and gyrogonite records all indicate that the Fevzipasa Formation was deposited in a paleoenvironmental setting characterized by permanent and shallow water bodies. According to the identified Ostracoda assemblages and combining all available stratigraphic data, the age of middle part of the Fevzipasa Formation is suggested as Early Pleistocene (Calabrian).