Background: The BRAFV600E mutation is common in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Lymph node metastasis (LNM) may be associated with poor prognosis. However, the LNM mechanism remains unclear. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation in primary tumors and accompanying LNM at the time of diagnosis. Methods: This retrospective study included 51 PTC patients (40 women, 11 men; mean age 40.0 ± 16.5 years; range 6-81) who underwent total thyroidectomy accompanied by a lateral neck dissection due to preoperatively detected LNM. Real-time PCR was used for the detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in specimens from primary thyroid tumors and metastatic lymph node tumors. Results: The prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation was 64.7% (n = 33) in primary tumors and 47.1% (n = 24) in metastatic lymph nodes. Of 33 patients with BRAFV600E-positive primary tumors, 18 (54.5%) had BRAFV600E-positive metastatic lymph nodes. Of 18 patients with BRAFV600E-negative primary tumors, 6 (33.3%) had BRAFV600E-positive metastatic lymph nodes. The presence of the BRAFV600E mutation in the primary tumor did not affect the tumor size, but the diameter of metastatic lymph nodes significantly increased (by nearly 3 mm) with the presence of BRAFV600E in LNM (p = 0.01). Conclusions: In our study, the BRAFV600E mutation did not show a one-to-one correspondence. This indicates that the presence of BRAFV600E in the primary tumor is not clonal and addresses the role of intratumor heterogeneity in PTC tumorigenesis. This supports the theses that mutations occur in the later stages of tumorigenesis, might be subclonal, and develop de novo, or that some other factors may be involved in the development of metastasis.
Neuro-Behçet disease present with aggravated olfactory dysfunction compared to BD. Neurologic involvement-especially parenchymal involvement-seems to deteriorate the olfactory dysfunction. Duration of disease is correlated with this severity of dysfunction.
Differentiated thyroid carcinomas are the most common malignancies of endocrine organs. Metastases to cervical lymph nodes occur in 20-50% of cases. Recurrence and survival rates are closely related to the type of surgery performed. High-resolution ultrasonography (USG) is a sensitive imaging method used to detect occult lymph node metastases in patients with thyroid cancer. We evaluated how intraoperative USG affected surgical success. This was a retrospective study comparing two groups of patients with thyroid carcinoma who underwent cervical lymph node dissection. A total of 101 patients (33 males and 68 females) were included. Group 1 included 53 patients who underwent surgery with intraoperative USG guidance. Group 2 included 48 patients who underwent surgery without the use of USG. All patients were followed up (mean 23 months; range 5-44 months) with thyroglobulin measurements and USG evaluations. Group 1 (intraoperative USG) had a residual/recurrent tumor rate of 1.9% (1/53 patients). Group 2 had a residual/recurrent tumor rate of 12.5% (6/48 patients). A statistically significant difference appeared between the residual/recurrent tumor rates in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). In addition to its classical use in diagnosis and follow-up, intraoperative use of high-resolution USG can improve surgical success and may decrease the number of residual/recurrent tumors encountered during follow-up.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.