The study aimed to develop a scale to assess students’ attitudes towards using interactive web conferencing systems in distance learning courses. An item pool was formed based on a review of the literature and the participants’ written views. A draft scale was developed with 29 items selected from this item pool. It was applied to 1100 undergraduate students in a distance program in theology, who took courses using Adobe Connect as a video conference system, together with Moodle as a learning management system. After removing incomplete or improperly filled questionnaires, a total of 596 participants’ responses were used for factor analysis. The scale was made up of four factors: user expectations on web-conference systems, user preferences for web-conferencing system, user attitudes towards using web-conferencing systems, and user problems experienced while using web-conferencing systems.
In the study, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to determine the unobserved structures and the subpopulations of pre-service teachers' technology-based learning behaviours. According to LCA results, three latent classes were obtained. These classes are labelled as Class-1: "High-Level Technology Perception", Class-2: "Low-Level Technology Perception", Class-3: "Intermediate-Level Technology Perception". When Class-1(Reference Group) and Class-2 were compared, it was observed that the covariates of "gender" and "the Covid-19 pandemic affecting learning motivation" did not have a significant effect on Class-2. It has been determined that pre-service teachers who are older, studying in the 4th grade, using the Internet for more than 8 h a day, have advanced computer skills and have advanced technology-based learning experience are less likely to be in Class-2. In addition, in the study, while self-directed learning with technology was associated with preservice teachers' attitudes towards online teaching in the Covid-19 period and class membership, the fear of Covid-19 was not associated with latent class membership.
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to specify the treatment options of manufacturing companies with the specific emphasis on recyclable wastes. The options are focused mainly on recycling instead of taking recycling issue as a sub-function of environmental policies or reverse logistics disposition strategies. This paper also aims to find out if there are some relationships between those options and some characteristics of manufacturing companies. Design/methodology/approach -A survey methodology is structured in order to collect pure categorical data. Pearson chi-square and categorical regression analyses were carried out on a sample of 255 Turkish manufacturers mostly operating in the textile, furniture, automotive and machinery industries. Findings -The results indicate that some characteristics that were expected to have relationships with the treatment options, are supported by the two analyses while others are not. For example, "employing at least an engineer" is in double-supported and "collaboration with other companies for returns" is in the non-supported characteristic. Practical implications -The results can be used as a guideline for manufacturers when they try to find out what obstacles are making their companies less desirous of recycling. The companies will be able to eliminate those obstacles and gain some competitive advantages by recycling materials. Originality/value -The approach to treatment options on recyclable wastes, from manufacturing companies' point of view, links together the behavioural issues and institutional levels of those companies. This study is unique not only in handling those issues in this perspective by intensely focusing on recycling, but also by being the first large sample survey of those issues in Turkey.
Education is one of the biggest problems experienced by developing societies. Education is has an important place in individuals' lives since it allows them to prove themselves within their society and to maintain their future lives. Today, with the development of the Internet, education can be given via e-learning management systems designed on the web. E-learning is a type of education that can present information to its users via the Internet. In order to facilitate the use of e-learning systems and to make these systems more systematic, Learning Management Systems (LMSs) have appeared. LMSs are softwares that allow management of learning activities. During the application of e-learning management systems that can be designed in line with the desired curriculum, the feedback provided by students taking education via this platform play an important role in the success of the system. In this respect, the present study aimed at determining the attitudes of students attending Distance Education Theology Undergraduate Education Program at Dicle University towards e-learning. For this purpose, the five-point Likert-type scale of "Attitudes towards ICT skills and e-learning" developed by Haznedar [23] was applied to the students. The results of analysis of the data collected from the students participating in the study revealed no significant difference in relation to e-learning between the students' gender, years of computer use, weekly Internet use time, their preferences of types of education, their foreign language, their foreign language proficiency levels, and their learning motivation preferences. In the study, a significant difference was found in relation to e-learning between the participants' preferences of study methods.
PurposeThis study aims to focus on how preservice teachers' academic achievements, their frequencies of connecting to the distance learning management system, their gender and the related sub-scales influence their Web-based self-efficacies (WEB-PCK) and their attitudes towards distance education (WBI).Design/methodology/approachIn the study, the structural equality model was used. In the path analysis, the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to predict the parameters of the model. This method allows determining the highest values for the population and the probability of the sample value to occur.FindingsIt was found that the sub-scale of Web communication (WEB-C) had a high level of direct and positive influence on the male preservice teachers' self-efficacy perceptions. As for the female preservice teachers, WEB-C did not have any direct influence on their self-efficacy perceptions. For the male preservice teachers, Web pedagogy (WEB-PC) had positive influence on their self-efficacy perceptions (β = 0.193), while the sub-scale of WEB-PC had a high level of influence on the female preservice teachers' self-efficacy perceptions (β = 0.534).Originality/valueIn the study, the purpose of was to examine the effects of the attitudes of the preservice teachers towards Web general (WEB-G), Web-Communication (WEB-C), Web pedagogical knowledge (WEB-PK), Web pedagogical self-efficacy (WEB-PCK) and Web-based instruction (WBI) with the help of the structural equation model with respect to gender, frequency of connection to the internet and academic achievement grades.
Categorical variables regarding credit cards can be relatable to some demographical characteristics of consumers. Consumers who are in some demographical characteristics are mostly in some categories while some others arefewer in those categories.Therefore, it is possible to find out which consumershave a tendency what kind of things regarding credit cards. Survey data have been collected from 514 credit card holder public servants in Bilecik central district and only categorical variables have been evaluated in this study. Totally, 138 hypotheses were tested by Pearson chi-square analysis.Some demographical variables like age, gender, marital status have been found related to many categorical variables regarding credit cards. It's observed thatother relations have been found between the variables regarding both credit cards and consumers' loan taking habits, and many other categorical variables. Especially for significantly related variables, consumers have beenfound that they had more tendencyto be inside some categories mostly.
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