Aspek yang perlu diberi tumpuan dalam usaha mendidik dan membangun usahawan bumiputera Muslim, antaranya ialah sikap usahawan, kemahiran mengurus dan program pendidikan dan latihan yang berterusan. Kegagalan dalam tiga aspek ini akan menghalang daya tahan dan daya saing usahawan bumiputera Muslim berbanding usahawan bangsa lain. Usaha melahirkan usahawan yang menghayati nilai dan etika Islam dilihat semakin mendesak memandangkan keperluan serta cabaran mendatang dan persaingan yang ada. Oleh itu kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti keperluan pendidikan berterusan dalam memantapkan budaya niaga dan pembangunan keusahawanan Bumiputera Muslim PKS. Data kajian diperolehi melalui borang soal selidik dan temu bual bersama usahawan PKS yang menerima pembiayaan MARA di negeri Johor. Rresponden lain yang terlibat adalah usahawan Bumiputera PKS yang bukan penerima pembiayaan MARA, Pegawai MARA daerah yang mengelolakan pembiayaan, program latihan dan pembangunan serta usahawan Bumiputera yang berjaya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan faktor kritikal kelemahan usahawan bumiputera adalah dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang dan pengalaman individu, sikap, nilai dan etika keusahawanan, pengetahuan dan kemahiran pengurusan, program pendidikan dan pembangunan keusahawanan dan desakan ‘birokrasi’ dan persekitaran. Kajian ini juga mengemukakan satu model pendidikan, latihan dan pembangunan usahawan Bumiputera Muslim berteraskan nilai dan etika Islam. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran sepanjang hayat; keusahawanan; Bumiputera Muslim; perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS) Aspects need to focus in educating and developing Muslim bumiputera entrepreneurs, among others are their attitudes, management skills and continuous education and training programs. Neglecting these three aspects could jeopardise sustainability of Muslim bumiputera entrepreneur as compared to entrepreneur of other races. Simultaneously efforts of inculcating Muslim bumiputera entrepreneur with Islamic business ethics are timely as to make them stay competitive in facing with the current business challenge. Thus this study is to identify the need of continuous education program in strengthening praise able business culture in developing SME Muslim bumiputera entrepreneurs. The data in this study are obtained through interviewing and circulating a set of questionnaire to SME bumiputera entrepreneurs who received sponsor from MARA in the state of Johor as well as those whom do not receive sponsor from MARA. Besides, few official from MARA who are responsible on handling the loan and training were also selected as respondents in this research. The finding of the research shows that critical factors that contribute to the weaknesses of bumiputera entrepreneurs are their background, experience, ethic value and attitude towards entrepreneurship, knowledge and management skill, education and entrepreneur’s development program and bureaucracy. This study proposed a model of education, entrepreneur training and development program base on Islamic values and ethics. Key words: Life long learning; entrepreneurship; Muslim bumiputera; small and medium enterprise (SME)
Fokus utama kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti sumbangan aspek-aspek pengurusan kerja rumah kepada kesan kerja rumah terhadap murid. Kerangka kajian adalah berasaskan kepada Teori Struktur Tugas Ames (1992), Model Proses Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberkesanan Kerja Rumah Cooper (2007), kerangka pengurusan kerja rumah Zaharah (2001) serta Model Enam Penglibatan Epstein (1995). Data diperolehi menerusi soal selidik, temu bual dan analisis dokumen. Seramai 523 orang guru Bahasa Melayu, Bahasa Inggeris, Matematik dan Sains serta 480 orang murid tingkatan empat daripada 50 buah sekolah menengah kebangsaan dipilih sebagai responden, manakala enam orang guru terlibat sebagai peserta temu bual. Data soal selidik dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi menerusi program SPSS-Versi 15.0. Analisis regresi menunjukkan pemberian maklum balas, penetapan tujuan kerja rumah dan beban kerja rumah menyumbang secara signifikan ke atas kesan positif kerja rumah.
Sales of products through the concept of Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) is a new form of business that is growing rapidly in Malaysia now. The business of the Malaysian population drastic response, including the Muslims. Nevertheless there are some aspects that often cause confusion and doubt in the business, especially in terms of adherence to Sharia. Among the aspects that need to be emphasized to ensure MLM companies operate on a Shariah platform is to examine the type of contract used. Each contract is recognized in Islamic Muamalat contains the pillars and the conditions that must be complied with. Violation of rules and conditions that have been set will cause the business carried invalid or void thereby making the non-compliant businesses. Between the concepts of contracts in the MLM business that need attention is the relationship between MLM companies and distributors (members), distributors (members) and the buyer, pegedar old (upline) and distributors (downline), salaries, bonuses and setting membership fees. In general, the application includes several types of MLM business like a business contract of al-Bai‘ (sale), al-Wakalah (business representative), al-Ijarah (leasing) and al-Ju‘alah (promise of wages). Writing is only focusing on the concept of al-Ju‘alah contract that is embedded in the MLM business. This article will detail the pillars and conditions that must be adhered to by all parties involved in the contract of al-Ju‘alah. This article will also try to identify common violations committed by MLM companies on the pillars and conditions of the contract. Finally, this paper suggests the parties involved in an MLM company in the country to implement the concept of MLM business through the application of Shariah tenets and conditions of the contract which will be explained later. All parties need to be involved to ensure that business is conducted so that the provision of Shariah-compliant obtained lawful and blessed. Keywords: Multi-Level Marketing (MLM), Transactions, Akad al-Ju‘alah, Shariah-compliant.
Hibah is one of the voluntary contracts in the Islamic
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