No abstract

No abstract

Pemupukan urea di petani umumnya dilakukan dengan dosis yang lebih tinggi dari standar pemerintah. Penggunaan pupuk urea berlebih dapat menurunkan produksi, kualitas tanaman, serta pencemaran lingkungan. Tujuan percobaan ini adalah melihat respon pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas padi sawah pada media N rendah. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial, dosis pupuk urea (0%, 40%, dan 100% 250 kg ha-1) dan varietas padi (Way Apo Buru dan Inpari 33). Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah anakan, jumlah daun, chlorophyl fluorescence (unit), gabah isi (%), jumlah malai, kandungan protein terlarut (mg g-1), vitamin C (mg g-1), dan gula reduksi (mg g-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reduksi pupuk urea 40% menghasilkan jumlah anakan yang sama tinggi dengan dosis standar (250 kg ha-1). Pemupukan urea dosis standar menghasilkan kandungan vitamin C, nilai chlorophyl fluorescence dan jumlah malai yang tertinggi. Inpari 33 menghasilkan karakter tinggi dan persentase gabah isi yang lebih baik sementara Way Apo Buru menghasilkan jumlah daun yang lebih tinggi. Reduksi 40% dosis urea pada Inpari 33 menghasilkan kandungan protein terlarut tertinggi. Inpari 33 menghasilkan gula reduksi terendah sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pangan alternatif bagi penderita diabetes. Kata kunci: gula reduksi, kandungan klorofil, protein terlarut, vitamin C

Manihot esculenta Crantz, commonly known as cassava, is a staple aliment that is a significant source of revenue for farmers. The embryogenic callus is crucial in the genetic engineering of various crop species, including cassava. Four cultivar cassava landraces from East Java were assessed for their ability to produce friable embryogenic callus (FEC) for protoplast isolation. In this study, four cassava cultivars; (Kaspro, Kuning, Gajah, and Gendruwo); were used to obtain FEC, which involved the culture of immature leaf lobes (ILLs) and apical buds (ABs) media containing MS supplemented with 33 μM picloram and 2 μ M of CuSO 4 (M1) or MS supplemented with 50 μM 2,4-D and 2 μM CuSO 4 (M2). The highest FEC induction efficiency ranged from 72% to 57%, and the highest FEC number ranged from 4.7 to 3.7 with AB explants in media containing MS + 33 μM pilocram and 2 μM CuSO 4 (M1). On the other hand, the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis induction ranged from 67% to 53%, and the number ranged from 4.4 to 3.4. The efficiencies of FEC induction ranged from 48% to 42%, and the number ranged from 3.1 to 2.6 with AB explants in media containing MS + 50 μM 2,4-D and 2 μM CuSO 4 (M2); the efficiency of FEC induction ranged from 56% to 50%, and the value ranged from 3.6 to 2.4 with ILL explants. The FEC induction of the Gendruwo cultivar, which was examined using AB and ILL explants, demonstrated the lowest efficiency. Nevertheless, all four cultivars showed the ability to generate FEC, even though their effectiveness differed depending on the explant genotype and the applied media.

Tissue culture have been used for plant propagation generally, and the medium has been important role in its growth. Vegetative propagation on Phalaenopsis sp orchids can be through the protocorm like bodies (PLB). Medium of affect on propagation of PLB was carried out on medium type, kind of basal medium and concentrations ratio of naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzylamino purine (BAP). The experiment used Completely Randomized Factorial Design with 3 replications and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if there were significant differences. The results showed that the best callus formed in a combination of solid medium type and Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal medium was 100%. The most number of PLB produced from a combination of liquid medium types and a concentration ratio of NAA 1 mgL-1 and BAP 5 mgL-1, the most number of plantlet produced from a combination of MS basal medium and the concentrations ratio of NAA 0.1 mgL-1 and BAP 0.1 mgL-1, the number of PLB germination and PLB with leaves were influenced by each single factor.