Vibriosis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of cultured shrimp in Mexico; as a result, the Research Centre for Food and Development (CIAD, for the Spanish wording) offers a diagnostic service to the shrimp farmers where they bring samples of diseased shrimp as judged by themselves. Hemolymph (HL) and hepatopancreas (HP) of diseased Litopenaeus vannamei were analyzed from five regions of Northwestern Mexico (from 2001 to 2006) in tiosulphate citrate bile sacharose (TCBS) agar; a total of 5912 shrimp were examined. The results showed a mean vibrios density of 6.45 × 103, SD = 6.90 × 104 CFU/mL for HL and 1.40 × 105, SD = 3.20 × 105 CFU/g for HP (n = 5912). HL samples had 12% (SD = 26%) of green colonies (GCs) in TCBS, and 23% (SD = 34%) of GCs in HP samples. Of the total shrimp analyzed, 46% were not found to possess vibrios in HL, whereas 60% of the shrimp examined contained more than 105 CFU/g of HP. More than 60 and 40% of the shrimp did not have GC in HL and HP, respectively. The highest Pearson coefficient correlation was observed between vibrios HL and GCs in HL for 2006 (r = 0.611, n = 712, P < 0.001).
Recibido en enero de 1999; aceptado en julio de 1999 RESUMEN Aunque la vibriosis haya causado pérdidas financieras muy grandes en la camaronicultura, todavía no existe un modelo para estudiar esta enfermedad; por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar dicho modelo. Dos tratamientos fueron aplicados al camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei. Los camarones se alimentaron con Vibrio parahaemolyticus bioencapsulado en nauplios de Artemia franciscana y los controles se alimentaron con nauplios estériles. Después de siete días, los niveles de mortalidad fueron significativamente diferentes entre los dos tratamientos, promediando 9.4% y 15.3% para el tratamiento experimental, y 1.6% y 0% para el tratamiento control, para los ensayos 1 y 2, respectivamente.Palabras clave: Litopenaeus vannamei, infección experimental, bioencapsulación, Vibrio sp.
ABSTRACTAlthough vibriosis has caused major financial losses in shrimp farming we still lack a model for studying this disease; therefore, the objective of this study was to develop such a model. Two treatments were applied to the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei; they were fed Vibrio parahaemolyticus bioencapsulated in nauplii of Artemia franciscana and control shrimp were fed sterile nauplii. After seven days, the mortality levels were significantly different between the two treatments, averaging 9.4% and 15.3% for the experimental treatment and 1.6% and 0% for the control treatment, for trials 1 and 2, respectively.
Vibrio mimicus es una bacteria Gram-negativa que ha sido vinculada como agente causal de enfermedades en humanos en diferentes países. Habita naturalmente en ecosistemas marinos y ha sido aislada de diferentes fuentes, como alimentos marinos hasta casos clínicos. Existen varios estudios donde se ha documentado la presencia de varios factores de virulencia en V. mimicus, como la producción de enterotoxinas, hemolisinas, presencia de sideróforos y hemaglutininas, entre otros. En esta revisión se describen los factores de virulencia más importantes reportados en V. mimicus, los cuales ponen de manifi esto el potencial patógeno que representa dicha bacteria.
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