A wildlife survey was carried out in Pendjari National Park of Benin in April 2000. The park covers an area of 2,660 km 2 . Larger mammals were censused along 97 parallel line transects. The transects lay 1 km apart and were 15 km long on the average. The total length of strips (effort) was 1,455 km. Count data were analysed with the « Distance » programme. Twenty species were recorded during the survey, including most of the larger mammals of West Africa, in particular bovids. The most abundant species were olive baboons (Papio anubis), western buffalo (Syncerus coffer brachyceros) and kob (Kobus kob), with respective densities of 3.06, 1.0 and 0.98 animals/km 2 . The total biomass of larger mammals was 0.63 t/km 2 (elephants : Loxodonta africana excluded) and 1.12 t/km 2 (elephants included). The carrying capacity for herbivores was estimated at 2.8 t/km 2 . Except for buffalo, roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) and hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus major), both species richness and abundance were lower than in a previous survey ten years earlier, and species such as topi (Damaliscus lunatus korrigum) and leopard (Panthera pardus) were no longer detected. The results signify the need to revise and improve current wildlife conservation and management strategies to assure long-term protection of larger mammals in Pendjari National Park.Resume. -Un recensement de la faune sauvage a ete realise dans le Pare National de la Pendjari, au Benin, en avril 2000. Ce pare a une superficie de 2660 km 2 . Les grands Mammiferes ont £te recenses le long de 97 lignes paralleles. Ces transects &aient espaces d'un kilometre et avaient en moyenne 15 km de long. La longueur totale des bandes e*tait de 1455 km. Les donnees recueillies ont 6te analysees avec le programme « Distance ». Vingt espfcces ont 6t6 identifies au cours du recensement, parmi lesquelles la plupart des grands Mammiferes d'Afrique occidental, en particulier des Bovides. Les especes les plus abondantes ont 6te Papio anubis, Syncerus coffer brachyceros et Kobus kob avec des densites, respectivement de 3,06, l et 0,98 animaux au km 2 . La biomasse totale des grands mammiferes ä l'exception des elephants etait: 0,63 t/km 2 et, avec les elephants: 1,12 t/km 2 . La biomasse d'herbivores supportable a &6 estimee ä 2,8 t/km 2 . A exception du büffle, Hippotragus equinus et Alcelaphus buselaphus major, les espfcces les plus abondantes, etaient moins nombreuses que lors d'un recensement realise 10 ans plus tot. Ni le topi, ni la panthere n'ont ete vus. Ces resultats montrent qu'il est necessaire de revoir les strategies de conservation pour assurer une protection ä long terme des grands Mammiferes du Pare National de la Pendjari.