Carbon has long been applied as an electrochemical sensing interface owing to its unique electrochemical properties. Moreover, recent advances in material design and synthesis, particularly nanomaterials, has produced robust electrochemical sensing systems that display superior analytical performance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most extensively studied nanostructures because of their unique properties. In terms of electroanalysis, the ability of CNTs to augment the electrochemical reactivity of important biomolecules and promote electron transfer reactions of proteins is of particular interest. The remarkable sensitivity of CNTs to changes in surface conductivity due to the presence of adsorbates permits their application as highly sensitive nanoscale sensors. CNT-modified electrodes have also demonstrated their utility as anchors for biomolecules such as nucleic acids, and their ability to diminish surface fouling effects. Consequently, CNTs are highly attractive to researchers as a basis for many electrochemical sensors. Similarly, synthetic diamonds electrochemical properties, such as superior chemical inertness and biocompatibility, make it desirable both for (bio) chemical sensing and as the electrochemical interface for biological systems. This is highlighted by the recent development of multiple electrochemical diamond-based biosensors and bio interfaces.
Cellulose-based filter papers were used as base materials to construct microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) coupling a separation channel with electrochemical detection.
The functionalisation of polymacrolactones with phosphoesters was achieved by thiol–ene coupling resulting in copolymers with modulated properties.
Inverse opal monolithic flow-through structures of polyaniline (PANI) were achieved in microfluidic channels for lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications. In order to achieve the uniformly porous monolith, polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystal (CC) templates were fabricated in channel. An inverse opal PANI structure was achieved on-chip, through a two-step process involving the electrochemical growth of PANI and subsequent removal of the template. The effect of electropolymerisation on these structures is discussed. It was found that growth time is critical in achieving an ordered structure with well-defined flow-through pores. This is significant in order to fabricate optimal porous PANI structures that maximise surface area of the monolith and also provide well-defined flow profiles through the micro-channel.Brian Gorey I , Blánaid White I , Aoife Morrin I , Malcolm R. Smyth I Inverse-opal conducting polymer monoliths in microfluidic channels On-chip PANI monolith fabrication A polystyrene (PS) sphere colloidal crystal (CC) template was fabricated, 1% w/v 1 µm PS spheres, by capillary force packing within the micro channel of a glass micro-fluidic chip (Fig.1). PANI was subsequently electrochemically grown through the PS CC. A series of monoliths were produced over a range of growth times (90 s -360 s). The resulting structures were imaged using SEM analysis.Structure characterisation
Carbon has long been applied as an electrochemical sensing interface owing to its unique electrochemical properties. Moreover, recent advances in material design and synthesis, particularly nanomaterials, has produced robust electrochemical sensing systems that display superior analytical performance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most extensively studied nanostructures because of their unique properties. In terms of electroanalysis, the ability of CNTs to augment the electrochemical reactivity of important biomolecules and promote electron transfer reactions of proteins is of particular interest. The remarkable sensitivity of CNTs to changes in surface conductivity due to the presence of adsorbates permits their application as highly sensitive nanoscale sensors. CNT-modified electrodes have also demonstrated their utility as anchors for biomolecules such as nucleic acids, and their ability to diminish surface fouling effects. Consequently, CNTs are highly attractive to researchers as a basis for many electrochemical sensors. Similarly, synthetic diamonds electrochemical properties, such as superior chemical inertness and biocompatibility, make it desirable both for (bio) chemical sensing and as the electrochemical interface for biological systems. This is highlighted by the recent development of multiple electrochemical diamond-based biosensors and bio interfaces.Keywords: bio sensors; carbon nanomaterials; carbon nanotubes; electrochemical sensing; synthetic diamond Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Please, subscribe or login to access all content.
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