A key prediction of the theory of asymmetry-induced transport is that the particle flux will be dominated by particles that move in resonance with the asymmetry. For the case of a time-varying asymmetry, the resonance condition is ω−lωR−nπv/L=0, where v is the axial velocity, L is the plasma length, ωR is the E×B rotation frequency, and ω, l, and n are the asymmetry frequency, azimuthal wavenumber, and axial wavenumber, respectively. Data are presented from experiments on a low density trap in which ω, ωR, and n are varied and the resulting radial particle flux is measured. The experiments show a resonance in the flux similar to that predicted by theory. The peak frequency of this resonance increases with ωR and varies with n, in qualitative agreement with theory, but quantitative comparisons between experiment and theory show serious discrepancies.
Initial experiments on asymmetry-induced transport in the Occidental non-neutral plasma trap found the radial particle flux at small radii to be proportional to φa2, where φa is the applied asymmetry amplitude. Other researchers, however, using the global expansion rate as a measure of the transport, have observed a φa1 scaling when the rigidity (the ratio of the axial bounce frequency to the azimuthal rotation frequency) is in the range of 1–10. In an effort to resolve this discrepancy, measurements have been extended to different radii and asymmetry frequencies. Although the results to date are generally in agreement with those previously reported (φa2 scaling at low asymmetry amplitudes falling off to a weaker scaling at higher amplitudes), some cases have been observed where the low amplitude scaling is closer to φa1. Both the φa2 and φa1 cases, however, have rigidities less than 10. Instead, the φa1 cases are characterized by an induced flux that is comparable in magnitude but opposite in sign to the background flux. This suggests that the mixing of applied and background asymmetries plays an important role in determining the amplitude scaling of this transport.
Water has always been an essential development factor for civilizations, but its erratic distribution in space and time has caused severe socio-economic problems throughout human history due to both scarcity and excess. In Mexico, insufficient rainwater to satisfy crop water requirements is a recurrent phenomenon. From a meteorological perspective, drought refers to a decay of the rainfall-runoff process below normal values, resulting in lower availability of water resources to satisfy the needs of human activities, particularly those related to agriculture and livestock. This research reports on drought assessment for Zacatecas, Mexico using monthly data from 111 weather stations with temperature and precipitation information from a 33-year period. Drought was characterized by applying the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Reconnaissance Drought Index using 3, 6, and 12 month timescales; both indexes were plotted and mapped for the period 2005 to 2014. The trend indicates rainfall anomalies (from incipient drought to severe drought) in 6 or 7 years, depending of the selected timescale. April was selected to start the drought analysis because it is the month when farmers usually establish rainfed crops in the region. In ten years, Zacatecas has lost 478 million US dollars due to drought. 2005, 2009, and 2011 were the most critical years, with 47%, 39%, and 63% losses in agricultural income. Such values are in agreement with drought severity estimates: 2005 and 2011 were both dry years (drought indexes were less than −1.25 in the whole territory).
Abstract. Our initial experiments on asymmetry-induced transport in non-neutral plasmas found the radial particle flux at small radii to be proportional to 02, where 0. is the applied asymmetry amplitude. Other researchers, however, using the global expansion rate as a measure of the transport, have observed a €1 scaling when the rigidity (the ratio of the axial bounce frequency to the azimuthal rotation frequency) is in the range one to ten. In an effort to resolve this discrepancy, we have extended our measurements to different radii and asymmetry frequencies. Although the results to date are generally in agreement with those previously reported (0' scaling at low asymmetry amplitudes falling off to a weaker scaling at higher amplitudes), we have observed some cases where the low amplitude scaling is closer to q1. Both the 0' and 0' cases, however, have rigidities less than ten. Instead, we find that the q5l cases are characterized by an induced flux that is comparable in magnitude but opposite in sign to the background flux. This suggests that the mixing of applied and background asymmetries plays an important role in determining the amplitude scaling of this transport.
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering condition in which autoantibodies target components of the hemidesmosomal proteins. It typically presents as pruritic bullous lesions in a generalized distribution. Certain drugs such as diuretics, NSAIDs, antibiotics, and ACE inhibitors have been implicated in the development of bullous pemphigoid. Recently, a class of medications for type II diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (commonly called gliptins) have been implicated in drug-induced bullous pemphigoid. We report a case of a 73-year-old female with type II diabetes mellitus who presented with biopsy-proven bullous pemphigoid after being treated with linagliptin. After discontinuing linagliptin and receiving first-line treatment, the patient achieved remission by her five-week follow-up. It is imperative that dermatologists and primary care physicians remain aware of this association when diagnosing and treating bullous pemphigoid, particularly in diabetic patients.
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