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Introducton/Objective Insufficiency of relevant anatomic data and great neurological and neurosurgical significance were the reasons for this study with scientific and practical implications. The purpose was to determine, at the transverse in situ section of the head, the position and relations of the sylvian aqueduct of the mesencephalon by measuring its distances from particular brain and calvaria structures. Also, the aim was to determine the same distances according to axial sections by using MRI. Methods The material consisted of twenty autopsy human heads. The section of the head was made at the level of the tentorial hiatus and the midbrain. After that, we measured the distances between the cerebral aqueduct and a) posterior border of the optic chiasm, b) upper border of the dorsum sellae, c) terminal bifurcation of the basilar artery, d) beginning of the straight sinus, e) internal occipital protuberance, f) tentorial edge (lateral from the aqueduct), and g) internal surface of the calvaria (lateral to the aqueduct). We determined the same distances by the MRI system. The measurements were made in 37 subjects. Results The numerical data obtained by this study will be of benefit to neurosurgeons in choosing a surgical approach to the contents of the incisural space, and to neurologists for the exact localization of the lesion and interpretation of certain signs and symptoms. Conclusion The results of a detailed examination of the sylvian aqueduct position and relations have shown that the use of MRI is the morphometric method of choice, because it is more precise for all the parameters monitored than in situ measurements.

Kratak sadržajUvod. Dorzalna strana stopala i prsti su često pod uticajem mikrovaskularnih i neuropatskih komplikacija, zbog čega je potrebno dobro razumijevanje arterijskih karakteristika ovog predjela. Cilj rada je registrovanje mikroanatomskih karakteristika arteria dorsalis pedis (ADP): mjesto nastanka, prečnik i anastomoze njenih bočnih i završnih grana, kao i varijacije ovih arterija.Metode. Mikromorfometrijska ispitivanja su rađena na 20 potkoljenica i stopala, oba pola, starosti od 40 do 75 godina. Ispitivanje je rađeno korozionom tehnikom dobijanja vaskularnih otisaka ADP i njenih grana. Mjerenja disekcionih i korozionih preparata su obavljena okularnim mikrometrom, nakon čega su preparati fotografisani digitalnim fotoaparatom, dok su detalji na dobijenim preparatima slikani pomoću stereomikroskopa i digitalne kamere.Rezultati. U svim slučajevima ADP je nastajala od arteria tibialis anterior. U 25% slučajeva imala je dominatnu ulogu u izgradnji dubokog tabanskog luka. U 85% slučajeva njena prva bočna grana je bila arteria tarsalis lateralis. U 95% slučajeva završavala se sa arteria plantaris profunda i arteria metatarsalis dorsalis prima. U 100% slučajeva je postojala terminalna anastomoza između arteria dorsalis pedis i arteria plantaris lateralis.Zaključak. U svim ispitivanim uzorcima ADP je nastala kao grana arteria tibialis anterior, imala je najveći kalibar u poređenju sa ostalim arterijama dorzuma stopala i terminalno je anastomozirala sa arteria plantaris lateralis. U većini slučajeva prva bočna grana ADP je arteria tarsalis lateralis. U manje od polovine slučajeva ADP nije davala lučnu arteriju (a. arcuata) kao svoju bočnu granu, dok je u četvrtini slučajeva dominanto izgrađivala duboki tabanski arterijski luk.

<p><strong>Objective</strong>. Patients and medical professionals have a common misconception that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) predominantly affect men, which can lead to less prescribing of cardiovascular drugs to women. This study examined whether there were sex differences in the administration of cardiovascular (CV) drugs in patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Internal Medicine Clinic of Foča University Hospital (ICFUH).</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>. The study comprised 332 patients hospitalized at the ICFUH from January 1st to June 30th, 2019. The following data on leading CVD and risks related to CV drug administration were collected: age, hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver disease (LD), heart failure (HF), hypertension (HTN), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (S). The amount of the CV drugs of interest (statins, antiplatelet drugs, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics) administered during hospitalization was expressed as the Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/100 bed-days (BD) for patients of both sexes separately.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>. During hospitalization in the intensive care unit of ICFUH, female patients were less likely to be treated with statins than male patients (30.1 vs. 57.5 DDD/100 BD, P&lt;0.05). There was no difference between sexes regarding the use of antihypertensive drugs. Women were less likely to be treated by antiplatelet therapy, more precisely by acetylsalicylic acid (30.4 vs. 36.9 DDD/100 BD, P&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. Our study indicates that there were sex differences in CV drug administration in ICFUH. Presuming that drugs used during hospitalization were at least partially a continuation of the previous therapy prescribed by the family doctor, it is possible that such differences exist in primary care.</p>

Kratak sadržajUvod. Tinitus se definiše kao percepcija zvuka u ušima ili glavi bez prisutnih vanjskih izvora zvuka. Zujanje u uhu i nesposobnost bolesnika da se prilagode ovoj pojavi može da dovede do ispoljavanja emocionalnih tegoba, kao što su depresija i anksioznost. Cilj ove studije je bio da se procijeni stepen depresivnih tegoba koje prate hronični tinitus i ispita veza između prisustva tinitusa i simptoma depresije kod pacijenata sa hroničnim subjektivnim tinitusom.Metode. Studijom su obuhvaćena 73 bolesnika sa tinitusom i 47 ispitanika bez tinitusa, a obje grupe su uparene po polu i uzrastu. Bolesnici su podvrgnuti otorinolaringološkom pregledu i popunili su samostalno Tinitus hendikep upitnik i Beck-ov upitnik depresije. Tonalna liminarna audiometrija je urađena kod obje grupe ispitanika.Rezultati. Audiološkim ispitivanjem je otkriveno da 7 (9,6%) bolesnika sa tinitusom nema oštećenje sluha, a većina (41-56,2%) je imalo nagluvost lakog stepena, dok je među ispitanicima bez tinitusa 28 (59,6%) imalo normalan sluh. Bolesnici su najčešće imali visoke frekvencije tinitusa (63-86,3%), a u odnosu na intenzitet 48 (65,8%) bolesnika je imalo srednje jak tinitus (5-20 dB). Tinitus hendikep upitnikom dobijen je skor koji je klasifikaovao subjektivni doživljaj hendikepa kao zanemarljiv kod 26 (35,6%) bolesnika, blag kod 12 (16,4%), umjeren kod 23 (31,5%), težak kod 7 (9,6%) i veoma težak kod 5 (6,8%) bolesnika. Beck-ovim upitnikom depresije utvrđeno je normalno raspoloženje kod 59 (80,8%) bolesnika, odnosno kod 43 (91,5%) ispitanika bez tinitusa (U=1282.0, Z=-2.35, p<0,05). Između skorova dobijenih korišćenjem ova dva upitnika utvrđen je visok stepen korelacije (ρ=0,436, p<0,001).Zaključak. Značajna korelacija između skorova dobijenih Tinitus hendikep upitnikom i Beck-ovim upitnikom depresije ima značaja u pristupu liječenju ovih bolesnika. Kako depresija dodatno smanjuje kvalitet života, neophodno je da se adekvatnim tretmanom utiče na bržu adaptaciju na tinitus.