Investigations were carried out on 55 monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops, Macaca fascicularis) hearts by stereomicroscopic dissection and measurements. Latex-injected specimens and corrosion casts showed that, as in humans, the hearts were usually (in 98.2% of the cases) supplied by two coronary arteries (CAs) -the left (LCA) and the right coronary artery (RCA), and occasionally (in 1.8% of the cases) also by a third one (TCA). Furthermore, the orifice of the TCA was situated in the right aortic sinus at the same level as the RCA and 0.2 mm in front of it. The LCA and the RCA originated from the corresponding aortic sinuses and the external diameter of the LCA was greater [average: 1.65 ± 0.39 (SD) mm] than that of the RCA [average 0.94 ± 0.15 (SD) mm] and the TCA (0.8 mm). The LCA orifice was more often above (76.3%) than below the free edge of the left aortic valve leaflet. The longitudinal axis of the aortic root and of the initial part of the LCA formed an angle of 45-120° (average: 52°). The orifice of the RCA was usually above (82.3%) the free edge of the right aortic valve leaflet, and less frequently below it (17.7%). The longitudinal axis of the aortic root and of the initial part of the RCA formed an angle of 70-150° (average: 103°). The resemblance of monkey CAs to their human counterparts make them a suitable model for experimental studies on coronary circulation.

According to the results of our study we can say that a narrow intercondylar notch contains a proportionally thin anterior cruciate ligament, but we cannot say that this factor necessarily leads to rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometry of branching patterns of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (MT of LCA) in nonhuman primates, and comment on the current nomenclature. The biometric study was performed using stereomicroscopic dissection of hearts of healthy and fertile nonhuman primates (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) of both sexes. Our results reveal that the MT of LCA terminates in a bifurcation into the anterior interventricular branch (AIB) and the circumflex branch (CB) (74.6%), trifurcation into the AIB, CB, and diagonal branch (DB) (23.6%), or occasionally quadrifurcation into the AIB, CB, and two DBs (1.8%). This is similar to the case in humans. Furthermore, two morphological aspects of the DB spatial distribution, in addition to its branching pattern, resemble the DB in humans. Myocardial bridges observed over the DB in the Cercopithecus aethiops heart further contribute to the similarity with humans. The resemblance of the DB and its branches to their human counterparts make them a suitable model for experimental study on coronary circulation. Anat Rec, 294:1506Rec, 294: -1510Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The most important anatomic risk factors in ACL lesions are the morphometric parameters of intercondylar notch. In the morphometric studies index of notch width and index of notch shape (NWI and NSI) are commonly used. The certain morphologic parameters of distal femoral part are used in calculation. Beside standard parameters we measured the maximal width of intercondylar notch and distal part of femur, which we used for calculation of maximal index of notch width and maximal index of notch shape (NWI max and NSI max). We compared two different methods of calculation of intercondylar notch indexes to find out which one represent anatomic risk factor and influence the ACL lesions. The indexes were measured in the two groups of patients (33) who have the history of knee injuries, the first group has document of ACL injuries and the second without ACL injuries (control one). The important difference between two groups was founded in NWI (p < 0.01) and NSI (p < 0.05). NWImax and NSImax do not show the difference (p > 0.05). The NWI and NSI importance is higher in males, and smaller in females. There is no difference in NWImax and NSImax (p > 0.05) comparing to the gender.

No abstract

This research has been carried out on 20 African green monkey brains (Cercopithecus aethiops) whose cerebral vascular bed has been injected with Latex. After fixation in 10% formalin solution, arteries of the brain base have been put through stereomicroscopic dissection and measurements. It was determined that on the brain base of this monkey there is an arterial circle (AC), which is formed, anteriorly, by the terminal parts of both internal carotid arteries and their branches, i.e. the right and left anterior cerebral arteries, and posteriorly, by terminal branches of basilar artery i.e. the right and left posterior cerebral arteries, as well as right and left posterior communicating arteries. The length and diameter of the arteries that constitute the AC of the Cercopithecus brain base have been measured. On the basis of the measured values, the length and the diameter of the anterior (left, right, total) and posterior segment (left, right total) of the AC have been calculated. The measurements point towards mild L/R asymmetry of the AC segments, as well as towards differences between their anterior and posterior segments. However, the pointed L/R asymmetry is not significant (p>0.05) for the values for length (FB=0.033; p=0.856), nor for the values of diameters (FB=1.344; p=0.250). The anterior and posterior segments of the AC do not differ significantly (p>0.05) according to the length (FA =102.194; p=0.962; t=-1.103; p=0.277). Diameters of the anterior segment have a highly significant difference (p<0.01) compared to the diameters of the posterior segment of the brain base AC (FA=102.194; p=0.00 FdL=58.139; FdD=43.000; t=7.651; p=0.00). The African green monkey with the described similarities of the brain base arterial circle, which correlates to that of the humans, may represent a suitable experimental animal model in complex cardiovascular research

By distribution analysis of GAL and VIP immunoreactive neurons and fibers, and according to literature data, it can be assumed that the medial part of the central nucleus receives VIP fibers from other parts of the amygdaloid body, and then sends GAL fibers to the medial nucleus.

In the recent years, iodine was associated to the development of apoptosis in thyroid diseases. The aim of the present study is to determine the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, Bax and Bcl-2, in a Wistar rat experimental model of thyroiditis induced by administration of different doses of potassium iodide. Immunohistochemical staining was done with chromogen diaminobenzidine on avidin-biotin peroxidase using the Animal Research Kit (ARK), stained with antibodies to Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. The intensity and distribution of positive staining were evaluated by light microscopy on a scale of 0 to 4. Bax protein was expressed in the area of regenerating follicular cells in high percent in potassium iodide treated rats, but was not expressed in thyrocytes from control rats. Bcl-2 expression was constantly observed in thyrocytes of the control group and in the mantle-zone of lymphoid follicular infiltrates. Our results show that Bax expression is significantly higher in the Wistar rat experimental model of thyroiditis than in the control group. These data suggest that the increased expression of Bax may contribute to the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of experimental thyroiditis.