Background: This study was planned to analyze the various methods used to manage retained Foley's catheter. Methods: A retrospective study was done on 20 patients of retained Foley's catheter at two different centers. Results: 9 out of 20 (45%) patients had faults in the valved side port and could be managed by simply cutting it. Two patients were managed by guide-wire insertion into the side port draining the balloon, while one adult patient was managed by mineral oil injection into the side port but developed hematuria. 35% patients needed ultrasound guided trans-abdominal balloon rupture and had no subsequent complications. In one adult female patient, non-deflating balloon could be ruptured by passing a transurethral needle. Conclusion: The ideal method used depends on identifying the site of the problem in the side port. Cutting of valved side port channel with or without aspiration, guidewire insertion, chemical injection or rarely extra-luminal balloon rupture techniques are commonly used methods of management.

Magnetic resonance imaging a b s t r a c tCNS is the most common site of involvement by cysticercosis. Symptomatic involvement of isolated skeletal muscle by solitary cysticercosis cyst is extremely rare. We report a rare and unusual case of cysticercosis presenting as acute calf pain, which is a diagnostic challenge. But the diagnosis was reached by sero-radiological examination and patient was managed conservatively by medical means.

Eventration of diaphragm is usually asymptomatic, but can present with symptoms ranging from mild dyspnea to a life-threatening emergency. It can pose a management dilemma when diagnosed incidentally especially during the pregnancy. We report a case of eventration of diaphragm diagnosed during pregnancy and managed conservatively with a favorable feto-maternal outcome.

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The structure of (i) NaHg(CN),(CI)(H,O), (ii) NaHg(CN),(Br)(H,O), (iii) NaHg(CN),(CNS)(H,O), (iv) KHg(CN),(Br) and (v) KHg(CN),(CNS) has been studied by infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the anions of I, I11 and V complexes have been derived on the basis of characteristic absorption frequencies and other known properties and of I1 and I V on the basis of analogy as the CN groups in these complexes are infrared inactive. CN in these anions are linked as cyanide groups and SCN as isothiocyanate group in V. In 111 SCN is present both as thiocyanate and isothiocyanate group. I11 is monomeric with water as a coordinating group. In I and I1 water is not expected to be a ligand to Hg.Anions of I, 11, I V and Y are predominantly dimeric with CN &s bridging group in the first three and SCN in V.'

BACKGROUND This study emphasizes the importance of computed tomography (CT) imaging in acute pancreatitis to grade clinical severity and predict outcome. The clinical and radiological findings in acute pancreatitis were correlated to predict the severity of the disease and its prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Selected patients with clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were evaluated clinically using Ranson's criteria and then by CT scan for Balthazar grading and CT severity index (CTSI). RESULTS In our prospective study of 91 patients of acute pancreatitis, the male:female ratio was approximately 2:1 and the aetiological agents were mainly alcoholism (41) seen predominantly in males and cholelithiasis (32) which was more in females. The Ranson's score of acute pancreatitis was calculated based on appropriate laboratory data and divided into two groups-mild in 51 and severe in 40 patients. The findings on CT scan were taken as standard for classifying acute pancreatitis into mild (57) and severe (34) forms based on Balthazar CTSI. 5 patients with severe form had prolonged hospital stay (>20 days). Also 5 patients had expired during the study duration (5.5 %) and they had severe form. The sensitivity and specificity of Ranson's criteria to correctly prognosticate the severity of acute pancreatitis were 86% and 68% respectively on correlation with Balthazar's CTSI. The discrepancy between Ranson's and Balthazar's CTSI in assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis existed in approximately 22% of the cases. CONCLUSION The Balthazar's CTSI based classification is superior to Ranson's scoring system in prediction and prognostication of severity of acute pancreatitis as computed tomography study provides direct visualization of anatomical distortion and pathological extension of disease process in acute pancreatitis, with particular emphasis on pancreatic necrosis.