No abstract

The use of whole citrus fruits in the food industry means that the valuable peel is used, but this may raise palatability or health concerns among consumers. The content of sugars, dietary fibre, redox compounds, lead, and cadmium was compared in citrus fruits (orange; pomelo; mandarin; lemon; key lime; and red, yellow, and green grapefruit). The pulp of all fruits contained significantly less fibre, tannins, and phenolic compounds than the peel. Whole citrus fruits had significantly lower content of sugars and higher content of dietary fibre and phenolic compounds, including ferulic acid, than their pulps. Whole grapefruits had higher concentrations of ascorbic acid. Whole lemons, limes, and mandarins had higher antioxidant potential than their pulp, due to their higher content of ascorbic acid, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Lead and cadmium content in whole fruits, while higher than in the pulps, was well below the acceptable daily intake.

No abstract

Cornelian cherry in Poland belongs to the alternative fruit species. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, however they can be used for processing: juice, jams, jellies, syrups, tinctures. Fruits are abundant in mineral elements, vitamin C, organic acids, iridoids, anthocyanins and due to that they have health-promoting significance. In this experiment, the fruit quality of several 16-year-old ecotypes in the Lublin region was compared. They were compared in terms of the beginning of fruit ripening and fruit size (length, diameter, mass), fruit shape index, share of stone in the fruit, SSC, TA, SSC/TA, reducing sugar, dry matter content and anthocyanins content. The color of fruit was evaluated in two dates, visually and using HanterLab spectrophotometer. Cornelian cherry fruits began to mature at the beginning of August and at the latest at the end of August. With the increase of the maturity degree, the SSC, reducing sugars, TA, dry matter and anthocyanins increased significantly. There was no difference in the taste of light red fruits and dark red fruits, which were characterized by similar ratio of SSC/TA. Ecotype No. 11, as the earliest maturing, with big round fruits, dark red colored with the highest content of anthocyanins, could be distinguished. As well as ecotypes No. 4 and 5, ripening in mid-August, and having a high ratio of SSC/TA, providing a good taste. Studied ecotypes could be used in breeding programs to incorporate a wide range of quality and agronomic characteristics into a final cornelian cherry cultivar.

No abstract

The paper presents the results of research on the effects of removing pollution from domestic wastewater in two beds of constructed wetland systems with vertical flow. Bed I was planted with common reed (Phragmites australis Cav. Trin. Ex Steud.), whereas bed II with Glyceria maxima (Glyceria aquatica L.). The surface of each of the beds amounted to 30 m 2 , and the hydraulic load of each of them amounted to 0.033 m 3 •m-2 •d-1. The study showed very good results in the removal of most of the analyzed indicators of contamination, which were similar in both analyzed beds. They were, respectively: 91 and 93%-for total suspended solids, 96 and 98%-for BOD 5 , 96 and 94%-for COD Cr , 88 and 86%-for ammonia nitrogen and 87 and 88%-for total phosphorus. Much smaller effects were reported with regard to total nitrogen removal-55% in bed I with common reed and 54% in bed II with Glyceria maxima. The tested beds also eliminated the number of coliform bacteria and faecal coliform bacteria quite effectively. Average effects of the removal of coliform bacteria in bed I and II were 99.74%, in the case of faecal coliform 98.06% and 97.94% respectively. Values of basic indicators of contamination (total suspended solids, BOD 5 and COD Cr) in the wastewater discharged from the analyzed beds met the requirements of the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 2014. The test results obtained in the first year of operation of the analyzed beds show that neither of the applied plants significantly improves the results of contaminant removal.

W pracy omówiono właściwości prozdrowotne jagody kamczackiej. Zwrócono uwagę na właściwości przeciwutleniające owoców. Scharakteryzowano substancje bioaktywne o właściwościach antyoksydacyjnych obecne w jagodach, zwłaszcza fenolokwasy, flawonoidy i witaminę C. Omówiono zależność składu chemicznego owoców od czynników genetycznych, klimatycznych i zastosowanych zabiegów uprawowych. Podkreślono łatwość uprawy jagody kamczackiej ze względu na małe wymagania siedliskowe, nieskomplikowaną pielęgnację, niezawodność w plonowaniu oraz odporność na patogeny. Celowość szerszej jej uprawy uzasadniono różnorodnymi możliwościami zastosowania owoców w żywieniu człowieka. Słowa kluczowe: właściwości przeciwutleniające owoców, mało znane rośliny sadownicze, substancje bioaktywne Wprowadzenie Jagoda kamczacka to nazwa rośliny owocodajnej, pochodzącej przede wszystkim od gatunków Lonicera kamtschatica oraz Lonicera caerulea (syn. Lonicera caerulea var. edulis), Lonicera altaica pochodzących z Rosji oraz Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx z Hokkaido w Japonii [1, 54]. Polska nazwa gatunku-jagoda kamczacka-ma wiele synonimów (wiciokrzew siny, suchodrzew jadalny, suchodrzew siny, suchodrzew błękitny, lonicera, borówka kamczacka) [14, 22]. Owocem jest mięsista, wydłużona, wielonasienna niby-jagoda o fioletowoczarnej barwie, pokryta niebieskim, woskowym nalotem. Ma kształt kubkowaty, owalny lub walcowato-elipsoidalny. Osiąga długość 1,5 ÷ 2,5 cm i szerokość do 1 cm. Tylko od

In this study, an optimised high hydrostatic pressure process (600 MPa, 15 min, 55 and 65 °C) caused elimination of microbial levels in beetroot/carrot juice (80:20 v/v, pH 4.0) after 28 days of storage (4 °C) (psychrotrophic bacteria, yeast and mould counts below the limit of detection = 0 log cfu mL À1 ). Room temperature (20 °C) was insufficient for the complete elimination of psychrotrophic bacteria (0.9-2.0 log cfu mL À1 after 7-28 days of storage). No significant (P < 0.05) changes in the polyphenol content were observed (1.11 AE 0.13 in control vs. 1.13 AE 0.13 mg gallic acid mL À1 in samples treated at 65 °C). No significant (P < 0.05) changes in the antioxidant, antiradical activity and biological properties of the highpressure processing (HPP)-treated juice were observed in the studies involving CCD 841 CoTr and HT29 cell lines. The HPLC-MS analysis confirmed increase in isobetalain, decarboxybetalain and betalain content (by 100%, 14% and 10%) and loss of vulgaxanthin I (by 65%) after HPP at 65 °C. The innovative character of this paper stems from the comprehensive quality assessment (especially experiments involving cell lines) of high-quality, safe beetroot-carrot juice that retains a major part of its bioactive compounds.