The Efficiency of Pollution Removal From Domestic Wastewater in Constructed Wetland Systems With Vertical Flow With Common Reed and Glyceria Maxima

Abstract

The paper presents the results of research on the effects of removing pollution from domestic wastewater in two beds of constructed wetland systems with vertical flow. Bed I was planted with common reed (Phragmites australis Cav. Trin. Ex Steud.), whereas bed II with Glyceria maxima (Glyceria aquatica L.). The surface of each of the beds amounted to 30 m 2 , and the hydraulic load of each of them amounted to 0.033 m 3 •m-2 •d-1. The study showed very good results in the removal of most of the analyzed indicators of contamination, which were similar in both analyzed beds. They were, respectively: 91 and 93%-for total suspended solids, 96 and 98%-for BOD 5 , 96 and 94%-for COD Cr , 88 and 86%-for ammonia nitrogen and 87 and 88%-for total phosphorus. Much smaller effects were reported with regard to total nitrogen removal-55% in bed I with common reed and 54% in bed II with Glyceria maxima. The tested beds also eliminated the number of coliform bacteria and faecal coliform bacteria quite effectively. Average effects of the removal of coliform bacteria in bed I and II were 99.74%, in the case of faecal coliform 98.06% and 97.94% respectively. Values of basic indicators of contamination (total suspended solids, BOD 5 and COD Cr) in the wastewater discharged from the analyzed beds met the requirements of the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 2014. The test results obtained in the first year of operation of the analyzed beds show that neither of the applied plants significantly improves the results of contaminant removal.

Effectiveness of indicator bacteria removal in vertical flow filters filled with natural materials

“…The statistical analysis revealed that the number of bacteria in the sewage pretreated in the septic tank and then entering the columns was similar to that reported by other authors [3,5]. The value >0.5 of the ratio of BOD 5 /COD Cr in the wastewater flowing to the pre-treated columns indicates the presence of the easily degradable organic substances in biochemical processes [20,21] (Table 1).…”

“…This problem involves not only the wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WTP) but also treated sewage discharged from on-site sewage treatment facilities. Research shows that the removal of indicator bacteria in a septic tank/leach _________________________ drains or soil-plant system is insufficient as evidenced by the presence of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in the wastewater treated in these systems [3,5].…”

Application of selective and porous materials for the removal of biogenic compounds and indicator bacteria from domestic wastewater

“…The qualitative characteristics of pre-treated sewage flowing into filtration beds are presented in Table 1. On the basis of statistical analysis, it can be concluded that biogenic indicators in the sewage inflowing to individual filtration columns remained at a level similar to that reported in literature [Kaczor and Bugajski 2006, Kaczor 2009, Dębska et al 2015, Obarska-Pempkowiak and others. 2015.…”

The Status of the Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure in the Kraśnik County

“…The water resources on the Earth participate in an ever-recurring hydrological cycle that connects the atmosphere, the lithosphere, and the hydrosphere. In Poland, per capita water availability is 1.600 m 3 (22nd place in Europe). Because the water reserves of Poland are small, water should be managed rationally and economically, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development [Małecki&Gołębiak, 2012].…”