In two experiments involving a total of 144 participants (72 women and 72 men), we examined the effects of induced mood states on college students' scores on widely used objective and projective measures of dependency. In both experiments, induced mood states significantly influenced participants' scores on the projective dependency test but did not affect their scores on the objective dependency test. Findings are discussed in the context of previous studies comparing objective and projective dependency measures and with respect to theoretical frameworks that distinguish implicit from self-attributed dependency needs.

Eighty-three undergraduate subjects (58 women and 25 men) participated in a prospective study in which they (a) completed widely used objective and projective measures of dependency, and then (b) provided monthly reports of the frequency and impact of various types of life events during a 1-semester (3-month) period. As expected, subjects' projective dependency scores predicted their frequency estimates and impact ratings of interpersonal life events but were unrelated to frequency estimates and impact ratings of other types of life events (e.g., achievement-related, legal). Objective dependency scores were unrelated to all life event frequency estimates and impact ratings. Findings are discussed in the context of recent theoretical frameworks that distinguish implicit dependency needs (which are assessed via projective measures) from self-attributed dependency needs (which are assessed via self-report tests). The importance of the type of dependency measure used in studies of the dependency-life events relationship is emphasized.

Thirty subjects who were susceptible to, but «»trained in, hypnosis, and 30 unsusceptible subjects were cast into waking motivated, hypnotized, and hypnotic simulator treatment groups in a 2 X 3 design. They were assessed on three tasks (Guilford's Consequences Test, Holtzman Inkblots, and a free association test) yielding nine measures of creative functioning. Eight out of nine measures showed significant superiority of susceptible over unsusceptible subjects, but there were few treatment effects. Additional analysis indicated that women tended to function more creatively on these tasks than men. In a comparison that must be regarded as suggestive only, 30 subjects who were susceptible and trained in hypnosis functioned more creatively on the Consequences Test than untrained susceptible subjects. In general, the results were reviewed as consistent with a regression theory of hypnosis and creativity.

This paper argued that credibility of subjective reports is in part situationally determined. An experimental demonstration was considered showing that under conditions where report credibility was a reasonable assumption, hypnotic Ss reported previously suggested hallucinations, whereas simulator controls did not. The experimental evidence also suggests that hypnotic Ss are honest and their reports credible across a variety of situations. It was concluded that subjective reports of hypnotic Ss may well correspond to actual perceptual experience, and that motivated compliance does not satisfactorily explain hypnotic phenomena.