Research on the dependency-sex role orientation relationship indicates that when objective dependency measures are used, participants show positive correlations between dependency and femininity scores, and negative correlations between dependency and masculinity scores. In this study, a mixed-sex sample of 87 undergraduates (47 women and 40 men) completed widely used objective and projective measures of dependency, and a self-report measure of sex role orientation. Consistent with previous studies in this area, high objective dependency scores were associated with high femininity scores and low masculinity scores in participants of both sexes. There were no relationships between projective dependency scores and sex role orientation scores in participants of either sex. Findings are discussed in the context of theoretical frameworks that distinguish "implicit" dependency needs from "self-attributed" dependency needs. The role that sex role socialization experiences play in determining participants' willingness to acknowledge dependency-related traits and behaviors on self-report tests is also discussed.
In two experiments involving a total of 144 participants (72 women and 72 men), we examined the effects of induced mood states on college students' scores on widely used objective and projective measures of dependency. In both experiments, induced mood states significantly influenced participants' scores on the projective dependency test but did not affect their scores on the objective dependency test. Findings are discussed in the context of previous studies comparing objective and projective dependency measures and with respect to theoretical frameworks that distinguish implicit from self-attributed dependency needs.
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