Subjective report and credibility: An inquiry involving hypnotic hallucinations.

Ks, Bowers; Jb, Gilmore

doi:10.1037/h0027745

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Experienced involuntariness lies so close to the heart of hypnosis that it has been labelled the “classic suggestion effect” (Bowers, 1981; Bowers, 1982; Weitzenhoffer, 1974, 1980). If so, subjects who achieve high scores on hypnotizability scales in the absence of both subjective conviction and experienced involuntariness may not be hypnotized at all, but rather are engaged in some other activity (e.g., Bowers & Gilmore, 1969; Ruch, Morgan, & Hilgard, 1974). …”

Section: Identifying “Dissociative and “Non-dissociative” Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of hypnotic response, revisited

Kihlstrom

2015

Consciousness and Cognition

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It has long been speculated that there are discrete patterns of responsiveness to hypnotic suggestions, perhaps paralleling the factor structure of hypnotizability. An earlier study by Brenneman & Kihlstrom (1986), employing cluster analysis, found evidence for 12 such profiles. A new study by Terhune (2015), employing latent profile analysis, found evidence for three such patterns among highly hypnotizable subjects, and a fourth comprising subjects of medium hypnotizability. Some differences between the two studies are described. Convincing identification of discrete “types” of high hypnotizability, such as dissociative and nondissociative, may require a larger dataset than is currently available, but also data pertaining directly to divisions in conscious awareness and experienced involuntariness.

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Section: Identifying “Dissociative and “Non-dissociative” Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of hypnotic response, revisited

Kihlstrom

2015

Consciousness and Cognition

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“…Prominent among possible sources of social anxiety (Schlenker & Leary, 1982), are heightened self-awareness and security operations. Biasing instructions (Bowers, 1967;Bowers & Gilmore, 1969), transference (LeBaron, 1976LeBaron, Reyher, & Stack, in press;Reyher, 1977bReyher, , 1980Reyher, Wilson, & Hughes, 1979;Sheehan, 1972) also may be involved. This class of interpersonal variables presents the laboratory investigator with the problem of differentiating between spontaneously forming mentation and self-protective mechanisms (impression management).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous and directed visual imagery: Image failure and image substitution.

Moses¹,

Reyher²

1985

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Both spontaneous and instructed imagery-based therapies have in common two types of image disparity, image failure, and image substitution. The alleged objectifying properties of emergent uncovering psychotherapy suggested that Freud's conception of repression and derivative formation applies to image disparity in each type of therapy. Subjects were asked to visualize the scenes of three stimulus narratives (two aggressive and one affectively neutral but implausible) and to signal successful visualization or type of disparity. Both types of image disparity varied directly with blatancy of scenes depicting anger and aggression. Image failure was more closely associated with implausibility, but image substitution was more closely associated with anger-aggression. The former appears to index interpersonal variables, whereas the latter was consistent with repression and derivative formation. Almost all the subjects signaled image disparity, and many of the image substitutes could be classified into five of Freud's mechanisms of defense.

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“…Here hypnosis seems to offer the investigator a very useful analytic medium. Hypnotic positive hallucinations are not abolished by strong honesty demands as hallucination reports collected under other circumstances are (Bowers & Gilmore, 1969;Spanos & Barber, 1968), and the hallucinations of hypnotized subjects are different from those of subjects who are simulating hypnosis (Orne, 1959;Sheehan, 1977). Hypnotically induced hallucinations seem to possess the same qualities of subjective conviction as those hallucinations observed in the clinic.…”

Section: Hallucinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnosis and psychopathology: Retrospect and prospect.

Kihlstrom¹

1979

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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An editorial introduction to a special issue on hypnosis and psychopathology discusses several links between the two fields. Historically, observation of the parallels between hypnosis and hysteria played an important role in the discovery of unconscious mental processes, the development of psychogenic theories of psychopathology, and the rise of psychotherapy. It is proposed that hypnotic anesthesia and analgesia, amnesia, and posthypnotic suggestion may serve as laboratory models of dissociative phenomena seen in the clinic. Furthermore, hypnosis may be useful in the exploration of processes involved in emotional response and the formation of hallucinations and delusions. With respect to personality and behavior change, hypnosis has commonly been employed in the treatment of pain and habit disorders by means of direct suggestion, but its use is not limited to suggestive therapeutics. Hypnotic relaxation, images and dreams, suggested amnesia, hypermnesia, and age regression may be useful in both psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Possible lines for further research on the relation between hypnosis and both experimental and clinical psychopathology are discussed. A major task for those interested in hypnosis and psychopathology is to foster the integration of their interests and research with the rest of scientific psychology.

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Subjective report and credibility: An inquiry involving hypnotic hallucinations.

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Patterns of hypnotic response, revisited

Patterns of hypnotic response, revisited

Spontaneous and directed visual imagery: Image failure and image substitution.

Hypnosis and psychopathology: Retrospect and prospect.

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