The molecular mechanism of insulin resistance induced by high-fructose feeding is not fully understood. The present study investigated the role of downstream signaling molecules of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle of high-fructose-fed rats. Rats were divided into chow-fed and fructose-fed groups. The results of the euglycemic clamp study (insulin infusion rates: 6 mU/kg BW/min) showed a significant decrease in the glucose infusion rate (GIR) and the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR) in fructose-fed rats compared with chow-fed rats. In skeletal muscle removed immediately after the clamp procedure, high-fructose feeding did not alter protein levels of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), protein kinase C zeta (PKCzeta), or glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). However, insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and PKCzeta and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane were reduced. Our findings suggest that insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats is associated with impaired Akt and PKCzeta activation and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle.
Background: We investigated the influence of a botanical agent to improve sleep quality and associated measures in men and women with self-reported difficulty sleeping. Methods: 32 individuals were randomly assigned in double blind manner to ingest a botanical agent (CLOCK®, containing Rosemary [Rosmarinus officinalis] and Daylily [Hemerocallis fulva]) or a placebo over a 6-week intervention. During weeks 1 and 2, subjects ingested one serving of the assigned condition, followed by a two-week washout. During weeks 5 and 6, subjects ingested two servings of the condition. The Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire was used as an outcome measure, as were subjective measures of sleep quality, energy level, and mood. Blood samples collected pre-and post-intervention were assayed for acetylcholine (ACH), brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, and melatonin. Results: No differences were noted between conditions in measures of sleep (p > 0.05). While no differences of statistical significance were noted in subjective feelings, during weeks 5 and 6 as compared to baseline, subjects assigned to the supplement noted an 8% increase in attentiveness, an 11% increase in alertness, a 12% increase in focus, a 14% increase in feeling energetic, a 12% increase in enthusiasm, a 23% increase in feeling well rested, an 11% decrease in feeling sluggish, and a 16% decrease in feeling depressed, without the same improvement observed for subjects in the placebo group. All biochemical measures were increased from pre-to post-treatment with two servings of the supplement; the largest percent increase noted for BDNF (27%) and the largest effect 1308 mood, with a significant impact on the biochemical marker, BDNF. Future studies using a larger sample size and perhaps a cross-over design may help to further clarify the impact of this dietary supplement on aspects of sleep quality, mood, and other related variables.
This study is aimed at investigating the developmental potential of the primordial follicles from ovaries of newborn mice after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for long-term storage, thawing, and heterografting into the kidney capsules of ovariectomized adult female mice. After stimulation of recipient mice with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin on day-19 after heterografting, the primordial follicles of the transplanted ovaries could develop into antral follicles. When the oocyte-cumulus cell complexes were retrieved from these antral follicles, they could mature after in vitro culture for 16–17 h. After in vitro fertilization, the rates of embryos derived from these oocytes that developed into the two-cell stage and the blastocyst stage after 16–17 h and after day-4, respectively,in the culture medium were 55.40% (55/107) and 9.09% (5/55),respectively. In the ovarian transplantation groups, no pups were derived from the 410 embryos that were transferred into 10 pseudopregnant mothers at the pronuclear stage. However,of the 10 surrogate mothers in whom 570 embryos were transferred at the two-cell stage, four achieved pregnancy and gave birth to 20 live offspring. These results demonstrated that primordial follicles in newborn mice ovaries were capable of sustaining their developmental potential after freezing and thawing. Once transplanted into the kidney capsules of ovariectomized adult female mice, these primordial follicles could develop and respond to gonadotropin stimulation and reach the antral stage; further, live offspring could be derived from these follicles.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.