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Balancing of different dimensions of development—economic, environmental, social, is an imperative of policies and strategies of sustainable growth, which are practiced today in the EU and globally. The main aim of our paper is to investigate the relationship between renewable (REC) and non-renewable energy consumption (NREC), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and share of ICT in total exports, on one hand, and GDP p.c. on the other. We created a model for EU countries divided in two groups—old and new EU members, by using PMG and ARDL models. Considering the size and structure of the sample of countries, the selected variables in the model and the relevant period (2000–2020), to a certain extent, we filled the research gap in the existing literature. Our results indicate that a 1% increase in the share of REC and ICT in total exports leads to GDP p.c. growth in the long run by 0.151% and 0.168% in old EU countries, i.e., 0.067% and 0.039% in new EU countries, respectively. Contrary, an increase of NREC by 1% has a significant and negative impact on GDP p.c. in the long run, in both groups, leading to a decrease of economic growth by 0.512% in the old and 1.306% in the new EU group. We find a 1% increase of GHG emissions was accompanied by an increase of GDP p.c. in new EU countries by 0.939%, while that impact is insignificant in old EU countries in the long run. We conclude our paper with final remarks and policy implications.

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Kratak sadržajUvod. Anemija je česta komplikacija hronične bubrežne insuficijencije, a njen glavni uzrok je nedovoljno stvaranje eritropoetina. Anemija predstavlja značajan faktor rizika za nastanak kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita oporavak anemije tokom primjene humanog rekombinovanog eritropoetina kod bolesnika sa hroničnom bubrežnom insuficijencijom u predijaliznom periodu i uticaj korekcije anemije na kardiovaskularne promjene.Metode. U prospektivnoj studiji praćeno je 20 bolesnika (13 muškaraca i sedam žena) sa hroničnom bubrežnom insuficijencijom u predijaliznoj fazi tokom jedne godine. Bolesnici su podijeljeni u tri grupe prema jačini glomerulske filtracije (JGF) i u dvije podgrupe -bolesnici sa i bez dijabetesa. JGF je procjenjena pomoću Cockroft-Gault formule. Težina anemije određivana je na osnovu vrijednosti hemoglobina i hematokrita. Kardiovaskularni status je praćen EKG i EHO pregledima srca na početku studije i poslije godinu dana. Statistička obrada rađena je primjenom Studentov-og t-test, analize varijanse, Pearson-ovog koeficijenta korelacija uz korišćenje programa SPSS 12.Rezultati. Prije započinjanja liječenja anemije kod svih bolesnika vrijednosti hemoglobina (Hb) i hematokrita (Hct) su ukazivale na težak stepen anemije. Bolesnicima je ordiniran eritropoetin-beta. Poslije mjesec dana liječenja kod svih je došlo do statistički značajnog porasta Hb i Hct, a poslije tri mjeseca postignuta je ciljna vrijednost Hb i Hct. U ispitanoj grupi bolesnika, svi su sem jednog, imali značajnu hipertofiju lijeve komore koja je utvđena ehosonografski prije početka ispitivanja. Poslije godinu dana liječenja anemije postignuta je statistički značajna regresija mase lijeve komore (MLK) od 267,2g/m 2 do 212,5g/m 2 pri prosječnoj promjeni koncentracije Hb od 9 g/l na 12,5 g /dl. Kod bolesnika koji nisu imali dijabetes, prosječan Hb bio je 8,9 g /dl i povećao se na 12,2g /dl, a prosječna MLK se smanjila od 293,3 g/1,73 m 2 na 222,9 g/1,73 m 2 , dok je kod dijabetičara prosječna vrijednost Hb porasla sa 9,0 g / dl na 12,6 g /dl, a MLK se smanjila od 231,1 g/1,73 m 2 do 198,1 g/1,73 m 2 .Zaključak. Liječenje eritropoetinom u predijaliznom periodu omogućilo je statistički visoko značajnu korekciju anemije. Oporavak anemije pratilo je smanjenje hipertrofije lijeve komore, smanjenje manifestacija ishemije srca i normalizacija EKG nalaza.Ključne riječi: hronična bubrežna insuficijencija, anemija , eritropoetin, hipertrofija lijeve komore.

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Numerous research studies of the various companies’ business practices indicate a strong relationship between customer satisfaction, as an overall positive response generated after the use of the specific product or service, and their intention to continue using the products/services of the company. As a rule, satisfied and particularly delighted customers show intention to return and become loyal, whereas dissatisfied and disappointed customers have switching intentions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to empirically test to which extent the intention to switch banks in Montenegro depends on customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. With this regard, we have posed a question inquiring about the level of consumers satisfaction/dissatisfaction with banking services in Montenegro, what their intentions are regarding the continuation of using services of the chosen bank (customer retention & defection), and to what extent customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction determine their intention to change the bank. The analysis has established a statistically significant correlation between satisfaction, dissatisfaction, and intentions of leaving the bank. Findings has shown a relatively high level of customer satisfaction with banking services in Montenegro, as well as confirming that dissatisfaction usually leads to the intention to leave and change the bank, while satisfaction leads to the continued use of the bank’s services. A high level of competition in the banking services market as well as the struggle for each consumer makes this topic undeniably current and this research represents a significant input for the bank management in Montenegro regarding the identification of the real situation with customer satisfaction and their intention to switch banks in accordance with their level of satisfaction.