Butanol, at sub-growth-inhibitory levels, caused a ca. 20 to 30% increase in fluidity of lipid dispersions from Clostridium acetobutylicum. When grown in the presence of butanol or into stationary phase, C. acetobutylicum synthesized increased levels of saturated acyl chains at the expense of unsaturated chains.

The development of an agar plate screening technique has allowed the isolation of a range of mutants of Trichoderma reesei capable of synthesizing cellulase under conditions of high catabolite repression. The properties of one of these mutants (NG-14) is described to illustrate the use of this technique. NG-14 produced five times the filter paper-degrading activity per ml of culture medium and twice the specific activity per mg of excreted protein in submerged culture when compared with the best existing mutant, QM9414. NG-14 also showed enhanced endo-fl-glucanase and ,B-glucosidase production. Although these mutants were isolated as cellulase producers in the presence of 5% glycerol on agar plates, in similar liquid medium, NG-14 exhibits only partial derepression of the cellulase complex. Since the proportions of filter paper activity, endo-,8-glucanase, and cellobiase were not the same in mutants NG-14 and QM9414, and the yields of each enzyme under conditions repressive for cellulase synthesis were different, differential control of each enzyme of the cellulase complex is implied. These initial results suggest that the selective technique for isolating hyper-cellulaseproducing mutants of Trichoderma will be of considerable use in the development of commercially useful cellulolytic strains.

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