The underlying mechanisms of the triple-oxygen (16O, 17O, and 18O) isotopic content of deuterated (D) isotopologues of water in H–D exchange reactions in the gas phase remain elusive. Herein, we have demonstrated a high-resolution gas-phase spectral analysis of doubly (D2O) and singly (HDO) deuterated isotopologues of water in the region around 7.8 μm using quantum cascade laser-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Isotopic fractionations among doubly and singly deuterated species of water, D2 16O, HD16O, HD17O, and HD18O, in the gas phase were carried out by probing the fundamental and hot band transitions in the ν2 (bending) mode of D2O and the fundamental ν2 transitions for the other water isotopes. We subsequently investigated the fractionations of different D-enriched water isotopologues for the H–D exchange reaction using various mixtures of D2O in H2O. We explored the potential role of triple-oxygen isotopic contents through enrichments and depletions of HD16O, HD17O, and HD18O, involved in the H–D reaction. Our first clear, direct, and quantitative experimental evidence reveals a new picture of gas-phase isotopic fractionation chemistry in a mixture of light and heavy water (H2O–D2O).

Ternary polymer blends of 80/10/10 (wt/wt/wt) polyam-ide6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP)/acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS), PP/PA6/ABS, and ABS/PP/PA6 were prepared in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by melt-mixing technique to investigate the influence of MWCNTs on the phase morphology, electrical conductivity, and the crystallization behavior of the PP and PA6 phases in the respective blends. Morphological analysis showed the ''coreshell''-type morphology in 80/10

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells are potent therapeutic candidates in the field of regenerative medicine, owing to their immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. However, several complications come with their translational application like viability, duration, and degree of expansion, long-term storage, and high maintenance cost. Therefore, drawbacks of cell-based therapy can be overcome by a novel therapeutic modality emerging in translational research and application, i.e., exosomes. These small vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells are emerging as new avenues in the field of nano-medicine. These nano-vesicles have caught the attention of researchers with their potency as regenerative medicine both in nanotherapeutics and drug delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in the biology and handling of exosomes, with their limitations and future applications. Additionally, we highlight current perspectives that primarily focus on their effect on various diseases and their potential as a drug delivery vehicle.

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Background Habitat heterogeneity clearly distinguished in terms of availability of food and habitat resources and landscape features (natural or human-modified) play a crucial role in the avian species composition and population structure. To examine this, a study was carried out in Bhubaneswar, India, to understand the ecological niche distinction in birds based on habitat heterogeneity. Regular sampling was conducted in 30 sampling sites covering six different habitat types in a predominantly urban landscape of Bhubaneswar for understanding the ecological niche in birds. The birds were classified into 11 types of foraging guilds. Results The insectivorous guild had the highest bird species richness (181 species) and the omnivorous guild had the lowest (11 species). The piscivorous guild and wetland habitat had the strongest linkage, followed by the insectivorous guild and agricultural land. The frugivorous guild was significantly correlated with forest habitats (r = 0.386, p < 0.01) and park and garden habitats (r = 0.281, p < 0.01). This urban area hosted a higher number of bird species in certain habitat types, viz., agricultural lands (52%, 115 species) and forest patches (50%, 111 species). Conclusion The present study highlights the importance of agricultural lands, forest patches, parks and gardens, and wetlands inside the cityscape for supporting avifauna. It is therefore suggested that such habitats should be conserved inside an urban area to protect native avifauna. Thus, the city development plan must invariably include strategies for conserving the forest patches inside the urban area. Measures must be taken to restrain the degradation of agricultural lands and reduce their utilization for non-agricultural purposes, which will help in further reducing the bird population decline in the urban landscape.

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