The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This zoonotic virus has emerged in Wuhan of China in December 2019 from bats and pangolins probably and continuing the human‐to‐human transmission globally since last two years. As there is no efficient approved treatment, a number of vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed to counter the pandemic. Moreover, vaccine hesitancy is observed that may be another possible reason for this never ending pandemic. In the meantime, several variants and mutations were identified and causing multiple waves globally. Now the safety and efficacy of these vaccines are debatable and recommended to determine whether vaccines are able to interrupt transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern (VOC). Moreover, the VOCs continue to emerge that appear more transmissible and less sensitive to virus‐specific immune responses. In this overview, we have highlighted various drugs and vaccines used to counter this pandemic along with their reported side effects. Moreover, the preliminary data for the novel VOC “Omicron” are discussed with the existing animal models.

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In this investigation, the anticancer potentiality and biological mechanism of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was studied in SUDHL-4 cell line. Metallic AuNPs were prepared and stabilized with ethanol clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract. The green synthesis of AuNPs was characterized and evaluated by UV-Visible Spectroscopic, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and biological activities using various biochemical assays. Green synthesis of AuNPs was confirmed by instrument method. The TEM images show polydisperse, mostly spherical AuNPs particles of 12 -20 nm. AuNPs were decreased the growth and viability of SU-DHL-4 cell line and increased the apoptosis. The treatments of SU-DHL-4 cells with AuNPs resulted in a moderate considerably increase in Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We measured apoptosis by Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) in the existence and nonexistence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-Lcysteine (NAC), the glutathione-depleting agent buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), or caspase inhibitors to determine the mechanism of cell death. AuNPs are unique potential anticancer agents that cause ROS-dependent apoptosis in SUDHL-4 cell line which was improved by depletion of glutathione (GHS) and inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine on Z-VAD-FMK.

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