The
underlying mechanisms of the triple-oxygen (16O, 17O, and 18O) isotopic content of deuterated (D)
isotopologues of water in H–D exchange reactions in the gas
phase remain elusive. Herein, we have demonstrated a high-resolution
gas-phase spectral analysis of doubly (D2O) and singly
(HDO) deuterated isotopologues of water in the region around 7.8 μm
using quantum cascade laser-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Isotopic
fractionations among doubly and singly deuterated species of water,
D2
16O, HD16O, HD17O, and
HD18O, in the gas phase were carried out by probing the
fundamental and hot band transitions in the ν2 (bending)
mode of D2O and the fundamental ν2 transitions
for the other water isotopes. We subsequently investigated the fractionations
of different D-enriched water isotopologues for the H–D exchange
reaction using various mixtures of D2O in H2O. We explored the potential role of triple-oxygen isotopic contents
through enrichments and depletions of HD16O, HD17O, and HD18O, involved in the H–D reaction. Our
first clear, direct, and quantitative experimental evidence reveals
a new picture of gas-phase isotopic fractionation chemistry in a mixture
of light and heavy water (H2O–D2O).
Ternary polymer blends of 80/10/10 (wt/wt/wt) polyam-ide6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP)/acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS), PP/PA6/ABS, and ABS/PP/PA6 were prepared in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by melt-mixing technique to investigate the influence of MWCNTs on the phase morphology, electrical conductivity, and the crystallization behavior of the PP and PA6 phases in the respective blends. Morphological analysis showed the ''coreshell''-type morphology in 80/10
Mesenchymal Stem Cells are potent therapeutic candidates in the field of regenerative medicine, owing to their immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. However, several complications come with their translational application like viability, duration, and degree of expansion, long-term storage, and high maintenance cost. Therefore, drawbacks of cell-based therapy can be overcome by a novel therapeutic modality emerging in translational research and application, i.e., exosomes. These small vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells are emerging as new avenues in the field of nano-medicine. These nano-vesicles have caught the attention of researchers with their potency as regenerative medicine both in nanotherapeutics and drug delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in the biology and handling of exosomes, with their limitations and future applications. Additionally, we highlight current perspectives that primarily focus on their effect on various diseases and their potential as a drug delivery vehicle.
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