Host-guest interaction of two significant drugs, phenylephrine hydrochloride and synephrine with α and β-cyclodextrins were studied systematically. Initially two simple but reliable physicochemical techniques namely conductance and surface tension were employed to find out saturation concentration for the inclusion and its stoichiometry. The obtained 1:1 stoichiometry was further confirmed by two spectrometric methods, UV-Vis study and spectrofluorimetry. Significant shifts in IR stretching frequency also support the inclusion process. Relative stabilities of the inclusion complexes were established by the association constants obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements, program based mathematical calculation of conductivity data. Calculations of the thermodynamic parameters dictates thermodynamic feasibility of the inclusion process. Spectrofluorometric measurement scaffolds the UV-Vis spectroscopic measurement validating stability of the ICs once again. Mass spectroscopic measurement gives the molecular ion peaks corresponding to the inclusion complex of 1:1 molar ratio of host and guest molecules. The mechanism of inclusion was drawn by 1H-NMR and 2D ROESY spectroscopic analysis. Surface texture of the inclusion complexes was studied by SEM. Finally, the cytotoxic activities of the inclusion complexes were analyzed and found, Cell viability also balances for non-toxic behavior of the ICs. Moreover, all the studies reveal the formation of inclusion complexes of two ephedra free, alternatively emerging drugs (after their banned product having ephedra) SNP, PEH with α and β-CD which enriches the drug delivery system with their regulatory release without any chemical modification.

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The water soluble inclusion complexes of pyridinium based hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) were prepared and characterised successfully. The inclusion complexes of sparingly soluble IL prepared with α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin in the mixed solvent medium and in solid state were studied by different physicochemical methodologies. Comparison of the chemical shift of the pure CDs, guest and complexes formed in 1‐H NMR spectra, appearance of the cross peaks in 2D‐ROESY spectra and shift in the band positions in FT‐IR spectra confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes. Surface tension and conductance studies in the mixed solvent system indicated the 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of inclusion complex. Job's plot obtained from UV‐Vis study and the spectra obtained from mass spectrometric study supported the formation as well as the stoichiometry of inclusion complexes. The high binding constant values and calculated values of thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb's free energy, enthalpy and entropy supported the high stability and feasibility of formation of the inclusion complex.

Our present study intended to investigate the encapsulation of DL-AGT within the lipophilic cavity of a β-CD molecule. The consequential inclusion system was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy and 1 H NMR, PXRD, SEM, and FT-IR studies. Molecular docking was performed for the inclusion complex to discover the most proper orientation, and it was seen that the drug DL-AGT fits into the cavity of β-CD in a 1:1 ratio, which was also confirmed from the Job plot. Furthermore, a comparison was done on the basis of cell viability between the drug and its inclusion complex.