Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) has a variety of chemical and biomedical applications. Additionally, chitosan has been extensively used in industrial and medical fields. However, whether chitosan could be incorporated into conducting polymers of PEDOT/PSS is not clear. In this study, the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan coatings were electrochemically polymerized on the surface of 0.5 mm platinum (Pt) electrodes and the properties of electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes were investigated. Furthermore, PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes used for electrochemical bio-sensing, using dexamethasone (Dex) as a model bio-sensing material, were examined.The results demonstrated that PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes were stable in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The electrochemical CV curve areas, reflecting the charge delivery capacity, and the EIS of the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes were sensitive to Dex, and the good linearity can be obtained between CV curve areas, the EIS and the concentration of Dex. In addition, electrochemical sensitivity of the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes to Dex was much higher than ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy detection. All these results revealed that the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes can be electrochemical polymerized and used for electrochemical bio-sensing.
With the rapid development of the highway and railway, more and more people pay attention to the Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) in recent years. Meanwhile, there are many challenging problems in this research area and the deployment of roadside units (RSUs) is one of the most important. In this paper, we study the energy-efficient RSU deployment problem in VANETs, where some RSUs are deployed to seamlessly cover the road with the purpose of minimizing the transmit power. The formulated problem is hard to solve since the minimum function is nonconvex. To address this difficulty, we transform the primal problem into a standard convex problem, by applying the methods of linear approximation, the S-Procedure and Semidefinite relaxation. Then an energy-efficient RSU deployment algorithm is proposed to solve the relaxed problem, where the initialization and update of the parameters are described. Finally, the simulations are conducted and the results show the performance of our proposed algorithm.
In this paper, we investigate the energy-efficient coverage problem in relay-assisted D2D network, where the access point and the relays have unknown positions and variable coverage radii. The energy-efficient coverage problem is formulated using the minimum function and the concept of virtual relay point, which is involved for distinguishing relay devices with general devices. The formulated problem is hard to solve since the minimum function is nonconvex. To address this difficult, we transform the primal problem into a standard convex problem by approximating the minimum function with linear weighted sum. Then an iteration-based energy-efficient coverage scheme is proposed to solve the approximation problem, where the initialization and update of weighted values are specifically described. Finally, the simulations are conducted and the results show the performance of our proposed algorithms.
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