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The social demand for dental implantation is growing at a rapid rate, while dentists are faced with the dilemma of implantation failures associated with unfavorable osseointegration. Clinical-friendly osteogenesis, angiogenesis and osteoimmunology around dental implants play a pivotal role in a desirable osseointegration and it's increasingly appreciated that Hippo-YAP signaling pathway is implicated in those biological processes both in vitro and in vivo in a variety of study. In this article we review the multiple effects of Hippo-YAP signaling in osseointegration of dental implants by regulating osteogenesis, angiogenesis and osteoimmunology in peri-implant tissue, as well as highlight prospective future directions of relevant investigation.

Diphenyl oxide disulfonate (DPDS) surfactants were successfully used to formulate Winsor Type III middlephase microemulsion systems with tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and decane. To our knowledge this is the first time that monochain DPDS surfactant phenyloxide monohexadecyl disulfonate surfactant (C16MADS) and commercially available DOWFAX 8390 were found to form middle-phase microemulsion systems with oils. Hydrophobic dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT) was also used as a cosurfactant to lower the systems' hydropholic-liphophilic balance. Two organic acids (hydrophobic octanoic acid and hydrophilic L-tartaric acid) were used in place of the alcohol to formulate middle-phase microemulsion. The middle-phase microemulsion systems dramatically increased organic solubility when compared to micellar DPDS surfactant systems. Winsor Type I systems near the Type I-III boundary produced "super" solubilization for hydrophobic oils. Findings from this study enable us to improve DPDS solubilization enhancement of hydrophobic compounds.Properly formulated surfactant systems can greatly facilitate contaminant extraction from the geologic subsurface (1-11). Surfactant micelles increase contaminant solubility by micellar-enhanced contaminant solubility. Surfactants can also mobilize subsurface contaminants by forming middle-phase microemulsions (1).Twin-head diphenyl oxide disulfonate (DPDS) surfactants are desirable for environmental application because of high water solubility, low subsurface sorption and precipitation potential, and strong electrolyte resistance (i.e., their robustness). Numerous laboratory studies and several field tests have demonstrated the robust nature of these surfactants (12,13). Their classification as indirect food-grade additives is also advantageous when considering subsurface injection. However, the relatively low solubilization enhancement of DPDS surfactants limits their usefulness for hydrophobic nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) (13).The low solubilization capacity of DPDS surfactants can be attributed to their relatively high hydrophilicity. As very hydrophilic surfactants, they have high critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and the charge distribution is higher in their aggregates. This highly hydrophilic nature also makes it difficult for DPDS surfactants to form middlephase microemulsions with highly hydrophobic NAPL (14).Increasing the DPDS surfactants' solubilization capacity will increase their competitiveness with other surfactants, especially when considering their robust nature (e.g., low sorption, low viscosity, and high electrolyte resistance). In a previous study (13), we investigated several approaches for enhancing the solubilization potential of DPDS. We first tried to increase the compound's partitioning into micelles by adjusting micelle size and hydrophobicity. We attempted this by lengthening the hydrocarbon chain of the surfactant and by mixing DPDS surfactants with hydrophobic nonionic surfactants like alkyl phenyl ethoxylates. We next tried formulating middle-p...

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