“…For untreated living and dead cells, in Table S3, the peaks observed at 3429. 88, 2923.73, 1647.93, 1544.78, 1236,90, 1069.97, 672.87 (living) and 3413.90, 2921.66, 1643.37, 1540.02, 1245.74, 1054.21 and 633.56 (dead) were assigned to associated O-H, N-H., -CH2, amide I (-C=O/C-N), amide II (C-N/N-H), S 2-, C-N and phosphate, or sulfate functional groups, respectively (Peng et al 2020). The free Cd 2+ could be fixed by the abundant oxygen-containing and amino functional groups via the formation of surface complexation, which could be described:…”