A wearable, miniaturized, dual-band, Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) integrated antenna operating on ISM band (2.38-2.47 GHz) and WLAN band (5.11-5.31 GHz) is proposed for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). A dumbbell shaped unit-cell is designed to achieve zero reflection phase and modified material characteristics. When 2 × 2 array of dumbbell shaped AMC is put underneath the monopole, the antenna gain increases up to 9.5 dB and 8.1 dB at 2.43 GHz and 5.2 GHz, respectively. Different bending conditions have been considered to confirm the robustness of the AMC antenna. Debye model is used to approximate the dielectric properties within phantom tissue model. Antenna shields most of the backward radiation and reduces the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the integrated antenna by more than 95% in 1-g of phantom hand tissues at both the frequencies. The acquired results exhibit that the AMC antenna is more secure for on body applications.
In this article, two miniaturized, dual-band, enhanced gain, flexible, low specific absorption rate (SAR) artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) integrated antennas operating at 2.4 GHz ISM and 3.9 GHz WiMAX bands have been proposed. Two compact monopoles with defected stepped ground structures have been used to improve the radiation characteristics while integrated with a common AMC surface. Defected dumbbell shaped unit-cell has been designed to obtain zero reflection phase and modify the material features. The capacitive effect of the AMC along with the defected stepped ground structures of the monopoles have excited two resonating bands and miniaturized the antennas. Proposed AMC has compensated the out-of-phase radiation toward main beam direction to increase the gain up to 8.6 dB, which is 85% more than that of the only monopole. The AMC has enhanced the reflectance exploiting the double-negative property and made the emitted radiation more directives. The integrated antennas have bestowed robust impedance matching in various bent condition by virtue of in phase reflection property. SAR values have been suppressed significantly up to 0.021 W/kg at a distance 5 mm from the human body, which is 99.5% better than that of the monopole alone
A wideband staircase pattern defected ground monopole antenna integrated with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector has been proposed for C-band (4–8 GHz) and ITU band (8.01–8.5 GHz) applications. The integrated antenna consists of a staircase antenna at top, a 2 × 2 AMC reflector at the bottom and an air substrate as gap between them. The AMC offers 18.5% ± 90° reflection phase bandwidth from 6.10 to 7.32 GHz. The AMC layer has achieved mu-negative properties in the designated band. The AMC proffers polarization independent behavior in the respective frequency band depicting robustness in AMC reflection phase characteristics. The integrated antenna has offered a wide impedance bandwidth of 2.78 GHz (42.8% at 6.5 GHz and 34.1% at 8.15 GHz) due to the defected ground monopole. The integration of wideband AMC beneath the staircase monopole antenna alters the out of phase radiation to in-phase planer pattern which enhances the peak gain up to 9.7 dB. It reduces the 1-g averaged specific absorption rate to 0.223 and 0.324 W/kg at the two designated bands. The structure maintains almost similar bandwidth and gain due to artificial human body loading.
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