Pyrolysis is a decomposition process chemical ingredient by adding the heating process without oxygen, where is the raw material/biomass will experience the breakdown of chemical structures to the gas phase. It produced char, tar, and gas. This research uses a rotary kiln system, in which the pyrolysis tube is rotated at low speed. Biomass in a rotating pyrolysis tube has an even heat. The pyrolysis temperature used in this research is 523K, 57K, 623K, 673K, The heat in the pyrolysis tube comes from heating the LPG stove. The heating is adjusted in such a way that the heat can be reached at the desired temperature. The tar formed in the pyrolysis process is calculated its kinetic rate value. The biomass used in this study is a waste of brem, plastic, and durian skin. The results showed that with increasing temperature, the tar volume would increase. The value of the kinetic rate is strongly influenced by variations in pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis temperature is large, so the kinetic rate is also large. The best kinetic rate at a temperature of 673 K in all biomass. The type of biomass can affect the kinetic rate. Plastic waste biomass has the smallest kinetic rate value compared to other biomass. The density of bio-oil will decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature.
Permasalahan ketersediaan bahan bakar yang semakin menipis perlu dicarikan bahan bakar alternatif, salah satunya adalah bioethanol. Bioethanol terbuat dari bahan yang mengandung karbohidrat atau glukosa. Limbah sampah organik buah salak termasuk biomassa yang sangat baik untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan bioethanol. Limbah sampah organik buah salak merupakan limbah yang cukup untuk pembuatan bioethanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaanfaatkan limbah sampah organik buah salak menjadi bioethanol yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti atau pencampur pertamax ”Biopertamax”.Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen dengan membuat bioethanol berbahan baku limbah sampah organik buah salak. Proses ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan, yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap fermentasi dan tahap distilasi. Hasil kadar bioethanol yang diharapkan lebih dari 90%. Selanjutnya, bioethanol diuji dengan alcoholmeter harus memiliki kadar ≥ 90%. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbandingan yang optimal yaitu 250 gr limbah sampah organik buah salak, 1250 ml air, 9 gr ragi dan lama fermentasi 5 hari. Pada pembuatan bioethanol skala besar 2,5 kg limbah sampah organik buah salak menghasilkan 1000 ml bioethanol dengan kadar 92% dengan menggunkan alchoholneter dan diperoleh pada distilasi keempat.
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