Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital to improve outcome. The present study was therefore carried out to determine the usefulness of C-reactive protein (CRP) for evaluation of neonatal sepsis in teaching hospital of central India. Method: 82 neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis were prospectively studied over a 12 month period. Blood was obtained from each subject recruited for the qualitative estimation of CRP. Blood culture was used as gold standard for diagnosis of NNS. Results: Of 82 neonates studied, 67 (81.7%) had positive CRP while 58 (70.73%) had positive blood culture. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of CRP were 81.7%, 88.0%, 95.7%, 59.5% and 83.2%. respectively. Conclusion: The qualitative method of estimating CRP which is cheap and rapid has moderate sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value. It is a good diagnostic test and can identify the infection in neonates at the time of initial assessment.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a very common endocrinal disorders and incidence of thyroid dysfunction also rising in India and world over. Thyroid hormones directly control insulin secretion and insulin clearance. Diabetes also may affect the thyroid function to variable extent fi rst at the level of hypothalamic control of TSH release and second at peripheral tissue by converting T4 to T3. Aims and Objectives: The present study was carried out aiming to evaluate thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Material and Methods: Study included total 80 subjects. Thyroid dysfunction was evaluated by investigating the subjects for Total tri-iodo-thyronine (T3), Total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Plasma glucose was estimated by-GOD-POD method and Thyroid profi le was estimated by-CLIA (chemiluminescence immunoassay) system. Statistical analysis was performed using software statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20, unpaired T test, Pearson's correlation. Results: In type 2 diabetic patients the prevalence of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be 4(10.00%) and 6(15.00%) respectively, while the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism was found to be 0(0.0%) and 1(2.5%) respectively. In non diabetic healthy subjects the prevalence of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be 1(2.5%) and 3(7.5%) respectively while the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism was found to be 0(0.0%) and 0(0.0%) respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects as compared to non-diabetic subjects.

Background: Childhood and adolescent hypertension and pre-hypertension is important predictor of long term cardiovascular and neurological disorder. Hypertension may begin in adolescence, perhaps even in childhood. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of high normal and elevated BP among school children and to assess associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: School going children aged between 11 to 18 years, of four schools were selected by purposive sampling method and blood pressure measurements were taken by mercury sphygmomanometer as per recommendation of American heart association. Hypertension is considered when blood pressure is more than 95 th percentile and prehypertension when blood pressure is between 90-95 th percentile after third reading. Results: Total prevalence of hypertension in our study was 5.36%. Hypertension in males was 5.37% and in females was 5.36%. Prevalence of pre-hypertension is more than hypertension. Total prevalence of pre-hypertension was 8.74%, in males it was slightly higher (10.35%) compare to females (7.14%). Prevalence of hypertension in obese was 24.07% against non-obese 5.56% (P <0.001). Obese female have higher prevalence of hypertension compare to male obese (29.62% Vs 18.62%). Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension was 5.36% in the study subjects. Childhood obesity and parental hypertension was found to be significant association for childhood hypertension. Follow-up of children throughout school age makes possible taking of preventative measures and promotion of healthy life style.

Background: Clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy (CP) is different in developing and developed countries. We evaluated the clinical profile, etiological factors and co-morbidities of children with CP in central India. Methods: 50 children with CP came to the hospital in our rehabilitation center were compared with our previous study done in India and western countries. Results: Spastic quadriplegia is the commonest type of CP (90%). Birth asphyxia remains the main (48%) etiological factor. Prematurity was second most common (22%), Pre-eclamsia (10%), convulsions (10%), infection (8%) and pathological jaundice (8%) other important etiological factors. due to bilirubin-encephalopathy remained same (∼30%). Microcephaly (56%), Speech problems (34%), seizures (36%), auditory defect (8%) and visual defect (4%) are common co-morbidities. Common neuroimaging findings include cortical atrophy (50%), periventricular leukomalacia (12.5%) and developmental defect (12.5%). Conclusion: The spectrum of CP is evolving in the developing countries. Lack of proper antenatal and perinatal care, malnutrition and infections appeared to be the major factors for development of CP.

Background: The present, hospital based prevalence study has been conducted to assess the clinical and epidemiological profile of anemia in central India. Methods: In this study 200 patients of anemia from medical out patients department and indoor wards, age between 15-70 years, randomly selected without any bias for sex, occupation, socioeconomic status and duration of disease. Results: This study shows that maximum number of patients (40%) were from age group 21-30 years. Between 15-30 years age group, prevalence of anemia was more in females than males. 57% study population have moderate anemia and 41% patients have severe anemia. Weakness & easy fatigability were most common (100%) presenting symptoms and pallor was most common (98% patients) clinical sign. Microcytic and hypochromic type peripheral smear was most common laboratory findings (59% cases). Nutritional anemia was the most common type of anemia (84%). Conclusions: Nutritional deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia among population, and iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in population.