e increasing land use intensity without adequate and balanced use of chemical fertilizers and with little or no use of organic manure have caused severe fertility deterioration of our soils resulting in stagnating or even declining of crop productivity in Assam. e need of the hour is to achieve substantially higher crop yield than the present yield levels from our limited land resources on a sustainable basis. A study was carried out in the paddy �elds of tea garden belts namely, Rungagora, Balijan, Banwaripur, Khomtai, Rungajaun, Lattakoojan, Borjan, Behora, Negheriting, and Borsapori of Golaghat district of Assam to investigate the fertility status of soil during 2008-2010. Results of the present study showed that soil solutions were acidic in nature in all seasons. Medium-tohigh BD, medium SOM, medium-to-high available N and available phosphorous, and low availability of potash showed that soils were not sufficiently fertile for crop production. Depending on the SOM, available N, available P, and exchangeable K in soil, the study areas were grouped in to six fertility classes as MMML, MMHL, MMMM, MHHL, MHHM, and MMHM. Student t-test values of all the parameters with control sample showed statistically signi�cant results for SOM, available N, and available P in both seasons (dry and wet) and EC in wet seasons and bulk density in dry season only.

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The Transmuted Exponentiated Gumbel Distribution (TEGD) has been derived using Exponentiated Gumbel Distribution (EGD) and the Quadratic Rank Transmutation Map (QRTM). The analytical expressions and shapes of the distribution function, probability density function, hazard rate function and reliability function are studied. The parameters of the TEGD are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. Finally the TEGD is applied to real data set of water quality parameter and found to be better fit than Exponentiated Gumbel Distribution (EGD) and Gumbel Distribution (GD).

Research, development and extensive use of generalized form of distributions in order to analyze and modeling of applied sciences research data has been growing tremendously. Weibull and Fréchet distribution are widely discussed for reliability and survival analysis using experimental data from physical, chemical, environmental and engineering sciences. Both the distributions are applicable to extreme value theory as well as small and large data sets. Recently researchers develop several probability distributions to model experimental data as these parent models are not adequate to fit in some experiments. Modified forms of the Weibull distribution and Fréchet distribution are more flexible distributions for modeling experimental data. This article aims to introduce a generalize form of Weibull distribution known as Fréchet-Weibull Distribution (FWD) by using the T-X family which extends a more flexible distribution for modeling experimental data. Here the pdf and cdf with survival function [S(t)], hazard rate function [h(t)] and asymptotic behaviour of pdf and survival function and the possible shapes of pdf, cdf, S(t) and h(t) of FWD have been studied and the parameters are estimated using maximum livelihood method (MLM). Some statistical properties of FWD such as mode, moments, skewness, kurtosis, variation, quantile function, moment generating function, characteristic function and entropies are investigated. Finally the FWD has been applied to two sets of observations from mechanical engineering and shows the superiority of FWD over other related distributions. This study will provide a useful tool to analyze and modeling of datasets in Mechanical Engineering sciences and other related field.

In 2020, Jennings found a way to take the nucleation rate for liquid→gas, according to BLANDER/KATZ J=AexpK, to J=f(K) in an exact theory, and K was evaluated exactly among the first two of the three papers in this chapter. The third paper gives the new proposed equation for the limit of superheat by addition of electrolyte because of a pattern. We see the pattern in the equations arising from the CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON relation (thermodynamics -boiling point elevation) and PRIGOGINE/MARECHAL (statistical mechanics -limit of superheat).

Ever since the economic reforms started two decades ago, India has been trying to lead the developing nations in terms of building their infrastructure. The challenge of government‟s fund constraint has been tried to put behind by allowing flow of funds from private sources with regulatory control in government own hand. However, with the global economic crisis that had knocked heavily at the doors of Indian economy too during last couple of years, it was found that developmental bottlenecks for infrastructure sector has escalated in spite of the best efforts by the government.Arranging of Debt and equity capitals are major financial investment concerns for infrastructure developers today. While studies reveal that issues like land acquisition, utility shifting, discrepancies in DPR, state support agreements, dispute resolutions are still considered to be critical for an infrastructure development projects, more recently the loose ends at the financial structures of many projects are posing as more vulnerable threats. Especially in the period of economic recession, the financial organizations have tightened their hands and as a result project cash flows are affected at halfway round. As the investment retrieval periods are going to be prolonged, the investors are facing uncertainty on their assured return. The commercial banks which had already reached their sectarian limits; still tried to backed promoters with decent track records, with clearances in place and well defined business plans. However, very few projects could achieve financial closure during past two years. The participation rates in recent biddings of PPP projects are also not encouraging, especially in Highway sector. More recently, there have been reports of NHAI favoring for moving back to the old EPC mode. Salient features of few case studies of Indian projects have highlighted that there is no project specific debt equity ratio and it may differ from project to project. Study by the authors also reveals that availability of debt in India is Sector specific and projects are still being supported with generous government grant varying upto 70% in case of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) schemes. However, the principal concern remains for retrieval of at least 20% return on the investment by the private party. A fair bidding, a robust agreement and the well planned pre-constructional activities can be beneficial to all the stack holders of the infrastructure development project. But whatever be the planning, with the complexity of multiple issues involved for choice of funds,one has to keep in mind that investments in infrastructures are non-recourse in nature. At the same time the sharing of responsibilities in a pre-framed manner proves to be successful in many occasions for the participants concerned and reflect a win-win situation for all.