Nano-sized magnesium oxide (nano-MgO) was investigated for adsorption of fluoride from water. The pure and fluoride adsorbed nano-MgO were characterised by Brunauer-EmmettTeller, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. The surface area of the adsorbent was found to be 92.46 m 2 /g. Maximum (90%) fluoride removal was obtained with 0.6 g/L dosage of nano-MgO. Fluoride adsorption by nano-MgO was found to be less sensitive to pH variations. Fluoride sorption was mainly influenced by the presence of OH À ion. The presence of other ions studied did not affect the fluoride adsorption capacity of nano-MgO significantly. It has been observed that Freundlich model was better fitted as compared to Langmuir model which indicated the multilayer adsorption of the adsorbent following a pseudo-second order kinetics. Regeneration study showed that 1 M HCl was the best eluent with 95% desorption capacity towards fluoride removal followed by NaOH (2 M) with 25% regeneration of the adsorbent.
In this article,
we discuss carbon nanoparticles for application
as antibacterials and food-packaging materials. The use of petroleum-derived
products, synthetic materials, ceramics, wax, etc. in the food-packaging
industry emits polluted gas and wastewater, which leads to environmental
pollution. To overcome the problems faced by the industry to preserve
and package food, carbon nanomaterials may be good alternatives to
enhance the shelf life of food without affecting the nutrients. Carbon
atoms bond with each other in diverse ways to form many allotropes,
resulting in a variety of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). CNMs include
zero-dimensional carbon dots, graphene quantum dots, 1-dimensional
carbon nanotubes, 2-dimensional pristine graphene, graphene oxide,
reduced graphene oxide, and other derivatives of graphene. Most of
the carbon-based nanomaterials are synthesized through a green process
that is widely used in the field of food science and technology, and
they are used mostly as antibacterial agents and as a biofiller in
the development of active food-packaging materials. Carbon nanomaterials
(CNMs), viz., carbon dots, graphene, activated carbon-based nanocomposites,
carbon nanotubes, etc., are found to be environmentally benign and
better materials for food packaging. With antibacterial efficiency,
they support food preservation and other applications as well. Thus,
carbon nanostructures are found to be applicable as superior materials
for food preservation and packaging in modern industry.
A method for removal of iron and arsenic (III) from contaminated water using iron oxide-coated sand and limestone has been developed for drinking water. For the intended use, sand was coated with ferric chloride and used as filtering media. Limestone was added onto the coated sand and the effect of limestone addition on removal efficiency of iron and arsenic was monitored. Both batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of coated sand and limestone as filtering media. Maximum removal of iron (99.8 %) was obtained with coated sand at a dose of 5 g/100 ml and by adding 0.2 g/ 100 ml of limestone at pH 7.3. Arsenic (III) removal efficiency increased with the increased dose of coated sand and was best removed at pH 7.12. The maximum adsorption capacity for arsenic (III) obtained from Langmuir model was found to be 0.075 mg/g and the kinetics data followed pseudo-first order better than pseudo-second order. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and FT-IR study proved the removal of iron and arsenic. Column experiment showed removal of iron and arsenic (III) to\0.3 mg/l and 10 lg/l, respectively, from an initial concentration of 20 mg/l (iron) and 200 lg/l (arsenic).
e increasing land use intensity without adequate and balanced use of chemical fertilizers and with little or no use of organic manure have caused severe fertility deterioration of our soils resulting in stagnating or even declining of crop productivity in Assam. e need of the hour is to achieve substantially higher crop yield than the present yield levels from our limited land resources on a sustainable basis. A study was carried out in the paddy �elds of tea garden belts namely, Rungagora, Balijan, Banwaripur, Khomtai, Rungajaun, Lattakoojan, Borjan, Behora, Negheriting, and Borsapori of Golaghat district of Assam to investigate the fertility status of soil during 2008-2010. Results of the present study showed that soil solutions were acidic in nature in all seasons. Medium-tohigh BD, medium SOM, medium-to-high available N and available phosphorous, and low availability of potash showed that soils were not sufficiently fertile for crop production. Depending on the SOM, available N, available P, and exchangeable K in soil, the study areas were grouped in to six fertility classes as MMML, MMHL, MMMM, MHHL, MHHM, and MMHM. Student t-test values of all the parameters with control sample showed statistically signi�cant results for SOM, available N, and available P in both seasons (dry and wet) and EC in wet seasons and bulk density in dry season only.
The present work demonstrates a potent and stable biolarvicidal agent using sustainable bioresources. The synthesized nanomaterials can control the mosquito vectors at a very low concentration range (0.01–1.00 mg L−1) for on-site field applications.
With the evolution of material science, researchers are deeply concerned about the utility of sustainable resources for multifaceted advanced applications.Here we project an abundant, nonedible bioresource-based carbon dot−silver nanohybrid as a highly competent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosquitoes have been the closest enemy of humankind for a very long time. Tropical areas around the globe suffer severe ailments due to mosquitovector-borne diseases. Japanese encephalitis, lymphatic filariasis, etc. are such fatal threats spread by Culex species. With the emergence of nanotechnology, the perspectives of conventional antivector materials have changed dramatically. The C-dot precursor used here was the roots of Cyperus rotundus, a very abundant grass species found in South Asian countries. The nanohybrid was synthesized by a simple thermal approach without the application of additional reducing agent. The nanohybrid was distributed within a narrow size window of <10 nm. The material was extremely effective against C. quinquefasciatus larvae at a concentration of only 0.05 ppm. Electron microscopic evidence put forward the fact that the material enters the larval body by rupturing the cuticular membrane, subsequently destroying the intestinal system. Thus, the investigation endorses a sustainable nanoweapon to combat the aforesaid vector with immense potential for field applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.