The ever-increasing use of pesticides in the agricultural and public health has become a major cause of sterility in human and various other animals particularly in males. This study was sought to screen the toxic impacts of cypermethrin (synthetic pyrethroid) on reproduction and development. Twenty-four Wistar male rats divided into four groups were orally administered cypermethrin of daily doses 50, 75, or 100 mg kg À1 bwt per day for 45 days; and for developmental toxicity, 12 female rats were separated into two groups. Maternal rats (experimental) were administered cypermethrin (100 mg kg À1 ) by gavage daily from 6th to 17th day of gestation, and the control group was dosed only vehicle (olive oil). The body weights, fertility index, biochemical, enzymatic, hormonal, and histopathological parameters were the criteria used to evaluate the toxicity of cypermethrin. Study showed significant decline in the weight of testes, epididymises, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate, and reduction in sperm counts both in epididymises and testes in chemical-treated animals. Pre-and postfertility test showed 50%, 80%, and 100% negative results after treatment. A significant degenerative reduction in testicular glycogen and sialic acid was also noted. In contrast, protein and cholesterol levels of testes were significantly increased. In addition, acid phosphatase activity was significantly increased, while alkaline phosphatase, testosterone, leutinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were diminished. Histology of testes showed degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules. Cypermethrin exposure during gestation produced adverse effects markedly in females and fetuses.
Filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries including India. Although there are reports of incidentally diagnosed cases of lymphatic filariasis in the existing literature, the significance of this finding needs to be summarised in one place. The association of filariasis with neoplasms is still debatable. For this series, cases diagnosed as filariasis on aspiration cytology (with or without coexistent pathology) over a period of 1 year were retrieved. The cases with a clinical suspicion of filariasis were excluded. Hence, five cases with incidental diagnosis of filariasis on aspiration cytology were included. The site of aspiration included one case each of thyroid, breast, bone marrow, cervical lymph node, and subcutaneous nodule. Of these, three cases showed microfilariae, one showed only adult female worm while one showed both microfilariae and adult worm. Two cases did not show any inflammatory response while three cases showed a variable inflammatory reaction. Only one case (thyroid aspirate) had a coexistent pathology (colloid goitre). Filariasis may be detected in a clinically unsuspected case, especially in an endemic zone. The spectrum of host response may vary from no reaction to a marked inflammatory response. The entire spectrum of changes should be kept in mind while practicing cytopathology in an endemic area. In such situations, a high index of suspicion and careful screening of cytology smears are keys to a correct diagnosis. At the same time, keen search for a coexisting pathology, benign or malignant, is also mandatory.
Introduction: Myomectomy is the surgical remedy of preference for women with symptomatic fibroids, who prefer or want uterine conservation. Myomectomy can be finished by using conventional laparotomy, by means of minilaparotomy, or by means of minimal access techniques, such as hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. Since the advent of minimal access surgery, there has been interest in the relative advantages and disadvantages of both surgical modalities. Objectives: To determine the benefits and harms of laparoscopic myomectomy compared with open myomectomy. Materials and methods: We used various search engines-PubMed, HighWire Press, Google, and Yahoo-to search for all trials and articles comparing myomectomy via laparotomy, minilaparotomy, or laparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy vs laparoscopy. We found several articles of which 10 were used in this review article based on the outcomes studied, date of publication (after 2005), methodology of study, level of evidence, and the journal in which they were published. The results of these trials were then compared. Conclusion: Laparoscopic myomectomy is a process associated with less subjectively reported postoperative pain, lower postoperative fever, and shorter hospital stay as opposed to all kinds of open myomectomy. No data suggested a difference in recurrence risk between laparoscopic and open myomectomy. Even more studies are needed to determine fertility outcomes, rates of uterine rupture, occurrence of thromboembolism, and need for repeat myomectomy and hysterectomy at a later stage.
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