Evaluation of reproductive and developmental toxicity of cypermethrin in male albino rats

Abstract

The ever-increasing use of pesticides in the agricultural and public health has become a major cause of sterility in human and various other animals particularly in males. This study was sought to screen the toxic impacts of cypermethrin (synthetic pyrethroid) on reproduction and development. Twenty-four Wistar male rats divided into four groups were orally administered cypermethrin of daily doses 50, 75, or 100 mg kg À1 bwt per day for 45 days; and for developmental toxicity, 12 female rats were separated into two groups. Maternal rats (experimental) were administered cypermethrin (100 mg kg À1 ) by gavage daily from 6th to 17th day of gestation, and the control group was dosed only vehicle (olive oil). The body weights, fertility index, biochemical, enzymatic, hormonal, and histopathological parameters were the criteria used to evaluate the toxicity of cypermethrin. Study showed significant decline in the weight of testes, epididymises, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate, and reduction in sperm counts both in epididymises and testes in chemical-treated animals. Pre-and postfertility test showed 50%, 80%, and 100% negative results after treatment. A significant degenerative reduction in testicular glycogen and sialic acid was also noted. In contrast, protein and cholesterol levels of testes were significantly increased. In addition, acid phosphatase activity was significantly increased, while alkaline phosphatase, testosterone, leutinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were diminished. Histology of testes showed degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules. Cypermethrin exposure during gestation produced adverse effects markedly in females and fetuses.

Ameliorative effect of resveratrol on testicular oxidative stress, spermatological parameters and DNA damage in glyphosate-based herbicide-exposed rats

“…The compromised antioxidant defence system and excessive free radicals accelerate oxidative stress, which is evident in the form of increased MDA in GLF exposure. In the previous studies, an increase in LPO caused by pesticides has been indicated (Joshi, Bansal, & Jasuja, ; Vaithinathan, Saradha, & Mathur, ). A number of advantages of RES, such as protecting spermatocytes against lipid peroxidation and increasing testicular sperm numbers and sperm motility, have been shown in in vivo and in vitro studies.…”

Pesticidal and antifertility activities of triorganogermanium(IV) complexes synthesized using a green chemical approach

“…Increased concentration of cholesterol in testes suggests that impairment of spermatogenesis is due to decreased androgen concentration . Further, increase in testicular acid and alkaline phosphatase activity may be the result of labialization of lysosomal system and releasing the enzyme that degenerates the tissue resulting in reduction of various micromolecules, including reduction in sperm count . From the above‐mentioned findings, it has been concluded that ligands F 1 INH and F 2 INH and their germanium(IV) complexes are potent fertility inhibitors, and addition of Me 3 or Ph 3 moiety to the ligands enhances their activity in reducing fertility.…”

Organophosphorous compounds and oxidative stress: a review

“…However, little is known regarding possible toxic effects of exposure to low doses of OP compounds (Weinbroum 2004; Ceh and Majdi c 2010). The widespread use of OPs has stimulated research into the possible existence of effects related to reproductive toxicity (Joshi, Mathur, and Gulati 2007;Joshi, Bansal, and Jasuja 2011;Sharma 2012a, 2012b). This class of pesticides has resulted in a decrease in fertility of human populations (Bustos-Obreg on and Hartley 2008; Joshi and Sharma 2011;Joshi 2013a, 2013b).…”