Industry 5.0 is projected to be an exemplary improvement in digital transformation allowing for mass customization and production efficiencies using emerging technologies such as universal machines, autonomous and self-driving robots, self-healing networks, cloud data analytics, etc., to supersede the limitations of Industry 4.0. To successfully pave the way for acceptance of these technologies, we must be bound and adhere to ethical and regulatory standards. Presently, with ethical standards still under development, and each region following a different set of standards and policies, the complexity of being compliant increases. Having vague and inconsistent ethical guidelines leaves potential gray areas leading to privacy, ethical, and data breaches that must be resolved. This paper examines the ethical dimensions and dilemmas associated with emerging technologies and provides potential methods to mitigate their legal/regulatory issues.
The use of natural dialog has great significance in the design of interactive tutoring systems. The nature of student queries can be confined to a small set of templates based on the task domain. This paper describes the development of a chatbot for medical students, that is based on the open source AIML based Chatterbean. We deploy the widely available Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) as the domain knowledge source for generating responses to queries. The AIML based chatbot is customized to convert natural language queries into relevant SQL queries. The SQL queries are run against the knowledge base and results returned to the user in natural dialog. Student survey was carried out to identify various queries posed by students. The chatbot was designed to address common template queries. Knowledge inference techniques were applied to generate responses for queries for which knowledge was not explicitly encoded. Query responses were rated by three experts on a 1-5 point likert scale, who agreed among themselves with Pearson Correlation Coefficient of 0.54 and p < 0.05. The overall average rating assigned by experts was 3.4.
For the past few years, a steady growth has been observed in the Internet-based commerce activities in Singapore and Asia-Pacific region. However, there has been very limited study that empirically investigates the socio-economic factors and their influence on the adoption of electronic commerce (e-commerce) by consumers in Singapore. This study seeks to fill some of the gaps in this area. Viewing such a medium as a form of new innovation, the five socio-economic characters namely gender, age, income level, education level and the exposure to the Internet were hypothesized to see whether there was any relationship between these five factors and the consumer's willingness to adopt e-commerce. The results indicate that income level; education level and exposure to the Internet were significant predictors in explaining the rate of adoption of e-commerce. However, contrary to general beliefs, this study showed that the gender and the age of consumers are not important factors for the adoption of e-commerce in Singapore. This study may help the e-merchants and policy makers to better understand consumer behavior and attitude towards e-commerce so that suitable changes can be made to make e-commerce more attractive and popular in Singapore and the Asia-Pacific region.
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