Inhalation therapy is an effective way for local and systemic delivery of miscellaneous drugs for pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases. The inhalation therapy aims to target specific cells or regions of the lung, bypassing the lung’s clearance mechanisms and thereby providing high retention of the drug for longer periods. It helps in improved penetration of intravenously administered antibiotics into lung parenchymal tissue and bronchial secretions, and as a result, their potential systemic toxicity is reduced when given over prolonged periods of time. The advancement in device technology supports the development of more efficient therapy in the form of delivering finer particles into the lung in large doses. Therefore, meticulous daily management of lung disease, together with prompt, aggressive treatment of exacerbations can be achieved through inhalation to preserve lung function. This review summarizes the features of inhalation delivery devices, their advantages and limitations, challenges in formulation and brief description of novel technologies currently marketed.
The aim of the study was to explore the necessity, advantages and different techniques of extended release matrix tablet to achieve continuous delivery of drugs at predictable rate and reproducible kinetics for a preterm delivery and provide a therapeutic amount of a drug to the proper site of the body to achieve promptly and then maintain the desired drug concentration. Different types of extended release matrix tablet have been explained briefly along with the various formulation which mainly by wet granulation or direct compression method or by dispersion of solid particle within a porous matrix formed by using different polymers like HPMC, guar gum, xanthan gum, pectin, chitosan etc. The matrix controls the release rate of drug. Release retardants like HPMC can aid in extended release and thus they form core excipient of the formulation. The matrices used may be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, mineral, or biodegradable types. The drug release rate can be studied by in vitro dissolution studies. Some drugs that have been formulated as extended release matrix tablets are Ambroxol HCl, Clarithromycin, Indomethacin etc. The extended release matrix tablets can assure better patient compliance through reduction in total dose and dosage regimen, which can be great help to treat chronic diseases. This review highlights the types of matrices, mechanisms involved and evaluation studies.
In the present study custom screening design was employed to observe the effect of four critical process parameters on particle size and polydispersity index of the liposomal formulation made by ethanol injection method. The four process parameters selected were lipid ratio, rate of injection, phase volume ratio and rotational speed of magnetic stirring. Eight different liposomal formulations were prepared using the design. The formulations were subjected to particle size analysis. The analysis was done at a significance level p<0.05 and found that the process parameters had significant effect on the particle size and polydispersity index of the formulations. The design was optimized for the individual responses with an overall desirability of more than 50%. Three batches of liposomes were formulated at optimized process parameters which matched the target as predicted by the design. Therefore, it can be concluded that the design was effective in production of nano sized stable monodisperse liposomes by ethanol injection method. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 103-111, 2019 (June)
The purpose of this study is to give a general review on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a novel drug carrier for improving the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. Approach: Among the various colloidal drug carriers, SLNs have been emerged as next generation drug delivery system for incorporating lipophilic drugs. They are relatively nontoxic and nonirritant. The review insight on the various methods of preparation, characterization and also the application of SLNs for improving the solubility and bioavailability is explained here. Findings: SLNs is used as a novel carrier for improving the solubility of poorly soluble drugs which may results in enhanced bioavailability and stability of drug can also be improved by incorporating drug in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles. Conclusion: This review presents an overview of SLNs which includes SLN and its properties, excipients, techniques used in preparation of SLNs, characterization, and their applications.
Objective: The present study was aimed to perform comparative studies with different cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives and to study the effect of different methods of preparation in improving the solubility and dissolution of saquinavir (SQV).Methods: Phase solubility studies were performed with beta CD (βCD), hydroxypropyl βCD, randomly methylated βCD, and sulfobutyl ether βCD (SBE7βCD). Complexes were prepared using physical mixture, coevaporation, kneading, spray drying, and freeze-drying techniques. For complexes prepared by spray drying, process parameters were optimized based on percentage yield. The prepared complexes were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction studies, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro drug release study was conducted in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and mean dissolution time (MDT) was calculated for all freeze-dried complexes.Results: Phase solubility studies showed a linear relationship with an increase in CD concentration and phase diagrams were of AL type. Highest stability constant was observed with SQV-SBE7βCD (8281.28/M). All characterization studies proved complexation. Among four CD derivatives, SQV complexed with SBE7βCD by freeze-drying showed maximum drug release and low MDT of 20.67.Conclusion: Among different CDs, SBE7βCD proved as ideal CD derivative, and among different methods of preparations, freeze-drying method was found to be useful in improving the solubility and dissolution of SQV.
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