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Objective Given the high prevalence of self‐injury but low treatment‐seeking among young adults, brief, accessible interventions might help reduce risk of self‐injurious thoughts and behavior in this population. This cross‐sectional study examined the moderating effects of decentering—a cognitive–affective regulation strategy—in the relation between non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicide ideation via cognitive–affective factors that increase risk for both NSSI and suicide ideation. Methods College students (N = 125, 79% women), ages 18–27, pre‐screened for moderate levels of depression and anxiety, completed self‐report measures of NSSI, decentering, rumination, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation. Results Young adults with past‐year non‐suicidal self‐injury scored lower on decentering than their peers without NSSI. Decentering was associated with lower levels of all cognitive–affective risk factors and moderated the relation between NSSI and rumination, but not the relation between NSSI and hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Decentering moderated the indirect effect of past‐year non‐suicidal self‐injury on past‐week suicide ideation via rumination, but not via hopelessness or depressive symptoms. Conclusions Decentering is a potential cognitive–affective regulation strategy for targeting factors that increase risk of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors. Future studies should examine decentering as a buffer against risk using designs that allow for conclusions about temporal order of effects.

Understanding the nature of adolescent suicide ideation is of critical importance to improving suicide risk assessment, but research in this area has been limited. This chapter reviews theories and research suggesting that the form and pattern that adolescent suicide ideation takes can be informative about the risk of engaging in future suicidal behavior. These include studies examining suicide-related attention biases, duration of suicide ideation, and suicide-related imagery, longitudinal studies examining suicide ideation trajectories, and ecological momentary assessment research examining moment-to-moment variability in suicide ideation. We propose theoretically and empirically informed subtypes of suicide ideation that can be assessed during a clinical interview and that might provide additional information to clinicians about an adolescent’s risk of engaging in future suicidal behavior. Developing ways of classifying the form and pattern of suicide ideation may provide information to clinicians about an adolescent’s risk of making a suicide attempt and guide clinical care of adolescents.

Latinx sexual minority men (LSMM) have higher rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence than most other ethnic and racial groups. Given that transmission risk is higher among primary partners, it is critical to identify factors that would facilitate partner recruitment into couples-based sexual health research studies. The present study utilizes a sample of index participants (n = 625), which includes 530 LSMM who did not recruit their partners and 95 LSMM who successfully did so (N = 625). Participants completed measures of communication styles and cultural values of masculinity. Findings suggest that caballerismo (chivalry/nurturing) and constructive communication were significantly and positively associated with the odds of recruiting one's partner in an interaction model. Consideration of cultural factors and communication style may enhance the efficiency of recruitment of LSMM and facilitate partner engagement. Public Significance StatementWhen developing culturally sensitive research programs for Latinx sexual minority men, recruitment efforts should also be tailored. Integrating the Latinx cultural value of caballerismo while considering communication style may help increase the recruitment of same-gender sexual minority couples into couples-based research studies.

Introduction:Relatively little research has examined the precise components of hopelessness that increase vulnerability to suicidal thinking. We examined whether certainty about an absence of positive future outcomes (Certainty-AP) would more strongly predict suicide ideation over time than certainty about negative future outcomes (Certainty-N). Method: Young adults (N = 208), ages 18-34 (M = 19.08, SD = 2.22), with either recent suicide ideation, suicide attempt history, or past-year psychiatric diagnosis were assessed four times over 18 months. Results: We used multilevel modeling to assess within-participant differences in suicide ideation over time. Both Certainty-AP and Certainty-N predicted later suicide ideation above and beyond generalized hopelessness and depressive symptoms, when examined in separate models. However, Certainty-AP emerged as a stronger predictor of suicide ideation than Certainty-N when examined in the same model. Discussion: These findings suggest that certainty about an absence of positive future outcomes may have a more unique prospective relationship to SI than certainty about the presence of negative future outcomes. We discuss clinical and theoretical implications of these findings.

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Objective: Childhood psychological maltreatment (PM) is a well-studied predictor of adolescent suicide ideation (SI), whereas social support is a protective factor, but little is known about social cognitive mechanisms that may link PM to SI. Further, given the impact that culture, race/ethnicity, and gender can have on social relationships and suicide-related risk factors, these mechanisms may differ across demographic groups. The present study examined whether PM predicts SI through self-perception of social competence (SC) and whether this relationship differs depending on race/ethnicity and gender. Method: We analyzed a racially diverse, longitudinal sample of adolescents at risk for maltreatment (N = 765). Self-report measures of lifetime maltreatment were completed at age 12 and combined with data from Child Protective Services. Youth also completed measures of perceived SC at age 12. Indicators of SI were taken at ages 8, 12, 16, and 18. Results: Perceived SC scores differed significantly between children who were psychologically maltreated and those who were not, but these differences were nonsignificant for physical and sexual abuse. Self-perception of SC fully mediated the relationship between childhood PM and SI for White girls and boys. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that poor perceived SC is uniquely associated with PM, and White adolescents may develop SI through specific mechanisms involving social cognition. Certain youth may benefit from interventions improving social cognitions and promoting healthy relationships to prevent SI during adolescence.