Impostor syndrome among minority medical students who are underrepresented in medicine

Rice, Jayne R.; Rosario-Williams, Beverlin; Williams, Francois; West-Livingston, Lauren; Savage, Dasha; Wilensky, Jadyn A.; Landry, Alden

doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2023.01.012

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Using the previously proposed stratification of CIPS score severity, 40% (n = 213) of responders reported 'frequent' or 'intense' impostorism (i.e., CIPS score 61-100) (Table S3). Female urologists reported higher CIPS scores compared to males (mean [SD] 64 [16] vs 53 [17], P < 0.001). Importantly, of respondents, females had been in practice significantly fewer years compared to males (40% of females were <6 years into practice vs 23% of males, P < 0.001), and had a greater proportion of individuals with a lower academic rank (8% of females were full professor vs 30% of males, P < 0.001; Table S4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The noted link between IP and burnout is particularly noteworthy, as burnout has in turn been associated with decreased patient satisfaction, higher risk of adverse patient safety events, and physician depression and suicidal ideation [13,14]. Moreover, minority races and female staff and trainees may be disproportionately affected by IP [3,5,6,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of impostor phenomenon and its association with burnout amongst urologists

Jefferson,

Fadel,

Findlay

et al. 2024

BJU International

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ObjectivesTo characterise the prevalence of impostor phenomenon (IP; tendency for high‐achieving individuals to perceive themselves as fraudulent in their successes) amongst attending staff in urology, to identify variables that predict more severe impostorism, and to study the association of IP with burnout.Subjects and MethodsA survey composed of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), demographic information, practice details, and burnout levels was e‐mailed to urologists via urological subspecialty societies. Survey results were analysed to identify associations between IP severity, survey respondent characteristics, and symptoms of professional burnout. This study was conducted in the United States of America.ResultsA total of 614 survey responses were received (response rate 11.0%). In all, 40% (n = 213) of responders reported CIPS scores qualifying as either ‘frequent’ or ‘intense’ impostorism (i.e., scores of 61–100). On multivariable analysis, female gender, fewer years in practice (i.e., 0–2 years), and lower academic rank were all independently associated with higher CIPS scores (adjusted P < 0.05). Regarding burnout, 46% of responders reported burnout symptoms. On multivariable analysis, increase in CIPS score was independently associated with higher odds of burnout (odds ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.07; P < 0.001).ConclusionImpostor phenomenon is prevalent in the urological community and is experienced more severely in younger and female urologists. IP is also independently associated with burnout. Increased female representation may improve IP amongst our female colleagues. More work is needed to determine strategies that are effective in mitigating feelings of IP and professional burnout amongst urologists, particularly those earlier in their careers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of impostor phenomenon and its association with burnout amongst urologists

Jefferson,

Fadel,

Findlay

et al. 2024

BJU International

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“…In this study, URMs were defined as racial and ethnic populations that are underrepresented in medicine relative to their numbers in the general population 9,25 . The number of publications, first authorships, and senior authorships and highest degree of sports medicine researchers were extracted and stratified by gender, race, and ethnicity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity Within the Field of Orthopedic Sports Medicine

Leal,

Clifford,

Anastasio

et al. 2023

JBJS Reviews

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Background: Orthopedic surgery is among the least diverse specialties in medicine. This systematic review analyzes gender, racial, and ethnic diversity within orthopedic sports medicine and aims to raise awareness and provide guidance for future strategies that support underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMs) and women in joining the orthopedic sports medicine workforce. We hypothesize that at all tiers of training, there is a lack of gender, racial, and ethnic parity in academic rank, leadership positions, and research productivity. Methods: A search of all published literature in the English language from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases, between January 1, 2010, and August 18, 2023, was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included studies presented demographics regarding diversity within orthopedic sports medicine and provided trends in applicants, attendings, leadership, and/or research. Bias was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) study checklist. Results: Thirteen studies published between 2016 and 2023 with STROBE scores 15.5 to 21.5 (70.5% to 97.7%) met criteria, and pertinent data were extracted. The percent of female orthopedic sports medicine surgeons from 2010 to 2019 increased from 5% (n = 138) to 6% (n = 206) with a compound annual growth rate of 0.2% (r2 = 0.97; p < 0.001). Females and URMs are underrepresented at the highest levels of orthopedic sports medicine leadership including department chair (female: 0% [n = 0]), division chief (female: 4% [n = 4]; URM: 3% [n = 3]), and fellowship director (female: 3.3% [n = 3]; URM: 4.4% [n = 4]). Studies from prominent orthopedic sports medicine journals (American Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, and Sports Health) show a 12.1% increase in female involvement in orthopedic sports medicine research from 1972 to 2018; however, this increase captures 59.3% (n = 2,953) females with degrees other than an MD. Conclusions: Although increasingly more females and underrepresented minorities are joining orthopedic sports medicine, the rate of diversification remains slow and current involvement in leadership and research is minimal. Targeted efforts aimed at increasing research opportunities and inspiring interest through mentorship for URMs and females in orthopedics is essential to drive change toward parity. Level of Evidence: Level IV. Systematic Review. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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“…Imposter syndrome is highly common in work settings where competition is encouraged, and work output is constantly scrutinised. It can also occur when you feel different from the core group, if for example, you are one of the few women in a male‐dominated sector such as medicine or an ethnic minority who does not match the dominant group, causing you to feel illegitimate despite your qualifications and accomplishments 2 . You may feel that you have a lot to live up to, and this can bring different expectations.…”

Section: Why Does It Happen?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It particularly affects high‐achieving individuals in academic settings, such as PhD students, postdoctoral scientists, and clinicians at all levels of training. Prevalence appears to be increased among people from minority backgrounds who are underrepresented in medicine and academia 2 . Studies have shown that imposter syndrome is associated with maladaptive perfectionism, depression, and even suicidal risk 1 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%