Purpose: To perform a systematic review of screening instruments for dysphagia available in the literature. Methods:For the selection of studies, the following descriptors were used: "questionários", "questionnaires", "transtornos de deglutição", "deglutition disorders", "programas de rastreamento", and "mass screening".The online databases used for the research were Virtual Health Library (LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO) and PubMed. The research was performed from April to June 2013. Selection criteria articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, regardless of the year of publication, whose title, abstract, or text had any relation to the purpose of the research. After reading the articles in their entirety, identification data and method of the articles were extracted for later analysis. Results: The research carried out from the proposed descriptors produced 1,012 articles. After reviewing the titles, summaries, and fully reading the articles, 20 studies were chosen. The publications on instruments for the identification of dysphagic patients started in 1999, and 50% of the analyzed studies were carried out in the USA. The methods used on the instruments were questionnaires, observation of patient's clinical signals and symptoms, the request for execution of some orofacial movements, and swallowing test with water or food. Conclusion: Screening instruments in dysphagia are fairly heterogeneous and have been developed for different audiences with the main objective of identifying patients with swallowing disorders. RESUMOObjetivo: Realizar a revisão sistemática dos instrumentos de rastreio em disfagia disponíveis na literatura. Estratégia de pesquisa:Para a seleção dos estudos, foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: "questionários", "questionnaires", "transtornos de deglutição", "deglutition disorders", "programas de rastreamento" e "mass screening" e foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO) e PubMed. A busca foi realizada no período entre abril e junho de 2013. Critérios de seleção:Foram selecionados artigos em Inglês, Português e Espanhol, independentemente do ano de publicação, que possuíam no título, resumo ou corpo do artigo relação com o objetivo da pesquisa. Análise dos dados: Após a leitura dos artigos na íntegra, foram extraídos dados de identificação e métodos dos artigos para posterior análise. Resultados: A pesquisa realizada a partir dos descritores propostos, nas bases de dados utilizadas, gerou o total de 1.012 artigos. Após a análise dos títulos, resumos e leitura dos artigos na íntegra, foram selecionados 20 estudos. As publicações sobre instrumentos para identificação de pacientes disfágicos iniciaram em 1999 e 50% dos artigos analisados foram desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos. Os métodos empregados nos instrumentos foram: questionários, a observação de sinais e sintomas clínicos do paciente, a solicitação da execução de alguns movimentos orofaciais, teste de deglutição com água ou alime...

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Introdução: As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) são locais destinados à atenção e cuidados de pacientes clinicamente comprometidos. A intervenção fonoaudiológica precoce visa identificar rapidamente a disfagia, prevenindo suas complicações clínicas. A avaliação clínica à beira do leito é atualmente a forma mais utilizada. Objetivo: relacionar a presença de disfagia e as complicações clínicas em pacientes adultos com diferentes doenças de base, internados em uma UTI. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, realizado por análise de protocolos fonoaudiológicos dos pacientes atendidos em uma UTI, entre julho de 2012 e abril de 2014. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa das instituições participantes. Resultados: A amostra contou com 110 pacientes, a maioria encaminhada com quadro clínico de alteração pulmonar e/ou neurológica, com média de idade de 60,3 anos. Encontraram-se associações significativas da disfagia com o diagnóstico de desnutrição (p=0,020) e uma tendência de associação com os pacientes submetidos à traqueostomia (p=0,058). Observou-se que o tempo de ventilação mecânica é quatro dias superior, em mediana, nos pacientes com disfagia, e que a cada dia que um paciente passa em ventilação mecânica aumenta em 10% a chance de apresentar alteração de deglutição. Conclusão: As complicações clínicas encontradas nos pacientes submetidos à avaliação fonoaudiológica com diagnóstico de disfagia foram a desnutrição e a idade, visto que o grau de disfagia varia e se agrava com o avançar da idade.  A atuação fonoaudiológica permite o diagnóstico precoce da disfagia, reduzindo o tempo de internação hospitalar e proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida.

Most premature infants from this sample presented a satisfactory initiation on analyzed aspects referring to breastfeeding. Still, we emphasize the need of practices for breastfeeding effectiveness and its encouragement in this population.

CT findings of aspiration are very important, as pulmonary symptoms may be the first manifestation of this disorder. Knowledge of these findings is essential to enable the early diagnosis of aspiration disorders and prevent lung damage.

The objective of this systematic review was to characterize chest CT findings in patients with dysphagia and pulmonary aspiration, identifying the characteristics and the methods used. The studies were selected from among those indexed in the Brazilian Virtual Library of Health, LILACS, Indice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud, Medline, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and PubMed databases. The search was carried out between June and July of 2016. Five articles were included and reviewed, all of them carried out in the last five years, published in English, and coming from different countries. The sample size in the selected studies ranged from 43 to 56 patients, with a predominance of adult and elderly subjects. The tomographic findings in patients with dysphagia-related aspiration were varied, including bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, pulmonary nodules, consolidations, pleural effusion, ground-glass attenuation, atelectasis, septal thickening, fibrosis, and air trapping. Evidence suggests that chest CT findings in patients with aspiration are diverse. In this review, it was not possible to establish a consensus that could characterize a pattern of pulmonary aspiration in patients with dysphagia, further studies of the topic being needed.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the results of functionality scales and dysphagia severity determined from videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VSS) in post-stroke patients. Methods: A retrospective study of 109 VSS analysis of post-stroke patients. From the exams was collected information on the diagnosis of dysphagia severity and evaluated regarding the swallowing functionality in an independent way by two evaluators. Results: A high number of discrete dysphagia was observed. In one third of dysphagic patients it was noticed the presence of tracheal aspiration. There was a significant association between the scores of Functional Oral Intake Scale and Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale in post-stroke patients which means when the swallowing is highly compromised, the level of intake by mouth will be smaller according to the evaluators' analysis (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is an association between the scales and it can be used as evaluative benchmarks and in the management of clinical Speech Pathology intervention. RESUMOObjetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre os resultados das escalas de funcionalidade e severidade da disfagia determinadas a partir de exames de videofluoroscopia em pacientes pós-AVC. Método: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo, com análise de 109 exames de Videofluoroscopia da Deglutição de pacientes pós-AVC. Dos exames da amostra foram coletadas informações quanto ao diagnóstico da severidade da disfagia e avaliados quanto à funcionalidade da deglutição de maneira independente por dois avaliadores. Resultados: Foi constatada uma alta prevalência de disfagia classificada como discreta. Nos pacientes com disfagia foi observada a presença de aspiração laringotraqueal em um terço da amostra. Verificou-se associação significativa entre os escores das escalas Functional Oral Intake Scale e Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale em pacientes pós-AVC, ou seja, quanto maior o comprometimento da deglutição, menor o nível de ingestão por via oral na análise dos avaliadores (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Há associação entre as escalas, podendo elas serem utilizadas como balizadores avaliativos e no gerenciamento da intervenção clínica fonoaudiológica.

-Context -Videofluoroscopic swallowing study is a dynamic exam and allows the evaluation of the complete swallowing process. However, most published studies have only reported alterations in the oropharynx and pharyngoesophageal transition, leaving the analysis of the esophagus as a secondary goal. Objectives -The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alterations in the esophageal phase thorough videofluoroscopic swallowing study in patients with dysphagia. Methods -Consecutive patients with dysphagia who underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study including esophageal analysis between May 2010 and May 2012 had their exams retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into two groups: Group I -without a pre-established etiological diagnosis and Group II -with neurological disease. During the exam, the patients ingested three different consistencies of food (liquid, pasty and solid) contrasted with barium sulfate and 19 items were analyzed according to a protocol. The esophageal phase was considered abnormal when one of the evaluated items was compromised. Results -Three hundred and thirty-three (n = 333) consecutive patients were studied -213 (64%) in Group I and 120 (36%) in Group II. Esophageal alterations were found in 104 (31%) patients, with a higher prevalence in Group I (36.2%), especially on the items esophageal clearance (16.9%) and tertiary contractions (16.4%). It was observed that 12% of individuals in Group I only presented alterations on the esophageal phase. Conclusion -Evaluation of the esophageal phase of swallowing during videofluoroscopic swallowing study detects abnormalities in patients with cervical dysphagia, especially in the group without pre-established etiological diagnosis.