Objective:The aim of this study is to create an inventory of pragmatic language disorders specific to Alzheimer's disease (AD), to illustrate them by case examples, to determine the severity of disorders according to the stages of Alzheimer's, and to specify the impact of patients' demographic characteristics on the pragmatic disorders experienced by them. Methods:The study adopted a descriptive research design. The sample was selected using the stratified sampling method. Interviews were conducted with the patients using the free association technique. The feedbacks from the participants were collected as audio recordings and transcribed using the SALT program. The findings were analysed and compared with the control group data, and the conclusion was drawn from the results obtained. Results:In the course of study 19 types of pragmatic language disorders of AD patients were identified. The differences between the pragmatic disorders detected at various stages of the disease were illustrated in detail using case examples, and the effect of the demographic variables on the disorders was determined. Conclusion:As a result of the research, pragmatic language disorders resulting from semantic degradation experienced by AD patients were identified. It was found out that the early stage of AD is characterised by mild pragmatic disorders, which tend to get more distinct at the middle stage and even more severe at the late stage. In addition, it was determined that the demographic characteristics of patients have an impact on the severity of pragmatic language disorders.
Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to reveal the effect of radiotherapy applied to patients diagnosed with primary brain tumour on neurogenic speech and language disorders in the early period. The participants of the study consist of 35 patients selected among patients diagnosed with primary brain tumour who applied to the Radiation Oncology Unit of İstanbul Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital. Within the scope of the research, Gülhane Aphasia Test 2 (GAT-2) and Standardized Mini Mental Test (MMT) were applied to the participants before they received radiotherapy. GAT-2 and MMT were reapplied to the patients 30 days after they had received radiotherapy as part of the treatment process. When the data obtained after the applications were interpreted, it was determined that tumours formed in the frontal and temporal lobes, including the dominant language centres, before radiotherapy had a negative effect on the cognitive performance of the patients, as well as their speech and language skills. After radiotherapy was applied to the patients during the treatment process, two patients with tumours in the left parietal lobe had a decrease in their speech and language skills, and no deterioration was observed in the speech and language skills of the other participants. We think that this may be due to the early phase of radiotherapy.
This study aims to reveal the effects of the daily habits of high school teachers, who are professional voice users, on their health of speech sounds. It is seen that 68% of 375 teachers in the study do not smoke. 82.9% of them do not drink alcohol. It is seen that only 20% of the participants consume coffee and tea at high rates. The rate of participants who performed actions such as harsh coughing and throat clearing that could damage the vocal cords is 42.9%. The rate of teachers who have pre-sleep eating habits is 43.5%. The rate of teachers who have the habit of speaking aloud in their life outside of school constitutes 21.9% of the participants. Regarding the frequency of speaking on the phone, only 5.6% of the participants stated that they had commonplace and long conversations. It is seen that the daily water drinking habits of teachers are 5-6 glasses a day, with the highest rate (27.7%). Most participants (78.9%) stated that they do not have a cold very often. Reflux, one of the essential diseases affecting voice health, is seen only in 14.4% of the participants. The rate of participants in a stressful work environment is also relatively low (38.7%). Although the teachers use their voices intensely due to their jobs, 80% of those who participated in the research stated that they did not experience dysphonia. Finally, only 22.7% of the participants have vocal cord nodules or polyps. In terms of their daily habits, the participants perform actions that will harm their speech-sound health at a very low level. This situation also positively affects the health of their speech sounds.
Objective: The aim of this research is to describe the processing of neural response metaphors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) speaking Turkish as their native language and to form the basis for further research in this field. Methods: In this study, a single case study method was used. The data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The answers were recorded with the “Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts” (SALT) program, and the data obtained was summarised using descriptive analysis. Results: It was found out that the participant had difficulty comprehending, interpreting and using mimics and gestures. He struggled matching emotions and situations with expressions denoting them as well as determining how a person experiencing these emotions and situations might look like. The participant turned out to have reduced ability to interpret idioms and proverbs related to emotions, decide on what actions can be performed at the given place, and form a situation-effect relationship. The participant experienced problems interpreting and using new, formulaic, and malformed metaphors as well metaphors with literal meaning, and could hardly identify and correctly interpret conceptual metaphors within idioms and proverbs. Conclusion: People with ASD experience difficulty with processing of neural response metaphors by the native speakers of Turkish. The disorders identified within the scope of our research result from the deficiencies of the theory of mind in individuals with ASD, which is supported by other studies on individuals with ASD having different mother tongues.
Almanya'da yarım asrı geride bırakarak misafir konumundan yerleşik duruma geçen Türk toplumu, bu süreç zarfında sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel bakımdan büyük değişimler yaşamıştır. Hâkim toplumun baskın kültürü sebebiyle uğradıkları değişimlerin yanı sıra Almanya Türklerinde farklı dilsel tutumlar da ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu dilsel tutumlar, nesiller arası farklılık göstermekle beraber aynı zamanda çeşitli sosyal sınıflara göre de şekil almaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Almanya Türklerinin göç süreçleri sonucunda ortaya çıkan dil tutumları, toplumdilbilim açısından ele alınmıştır. Bu bakış açısıyla Almanya Türklerinin dilsel tutumları; ana dile bakış açısı, Türkçeyi kullanma eğilimi, dil sürdürümü, dil tercihi, dil değiştirimi, Almancaya yaklaşımları, Türkçe hakimiyeti, ağızlara bakış açısı, dil kayması, genç kuşakların Türk edebiyatına yaklaşımları, Türkçe yayınlara eğilim, dil bağlamında entegrasyona yaklaşımları başlıkları altında incelenerek mevcut durum tespit edilmiş ve bu tutumlarda; yaşanılan eyalet, cinsiyet, nesil, doğulan ülke, eğitim durumu, vatandaşlık durumu, medeni hal, aylık gelir durumu, evde kimlerle yaşanıldığı, Almanya'da kalma süresi, eşin ve çocukların vatandaşlık durumu, katılımcının ve eşin konuşabildiği diller değişkenleri açısından tespit edilen farklılıklar ve bu değişkenlerin mevcut tutumlardaki etkileri ortaya konmuştur.
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